Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer
Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughne...
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| Autor*in: |
Robinson, N. J [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Geophysical research letters - Washington, DC : Union, 1974, 44(2017), 4, Seite 1814-1822 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:44 ; year:2017 ; number:4 ; pages:1814-1822 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1002/2016GL071491 |
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| 520 | |a Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a platelet ice | |
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10.1002/2016GL071491 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1992065659 (DE-599)GBVOLC1992065659 (PRQ)p2470-7f49362e5e0bb74fae45e6be65e30ef4b15c3f9ed08731174d0e287cd39fb2370 (KEY)0026932820170000044000401814observationsofamplifiedroughnessfromcrystalaccreti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Robinson, N. J verfasserin aut Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. platelet ice marine ice ice‐ocean interaction hydraulic roughness drag coefficient under‐ice boundary layer Melting Ice Sea level Stevens, C. L oth McPhee, M. G oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 44(2017), 4, Seite 1814-1822 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:44 year:2017 number:4 pages:1814-1822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071491 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL071491/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1878057170 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 44 2017 4 1814-1822 |
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10.1002/2016GL071491 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1992065659 (DE-599)GBVOLC1992065659 (PRQ)p2470-7f49362e5e0bb74fae45e6be65e30ef4b15c3f9ed08731174d0e287cd39fb2370 (KEY)0026932820170000044000401814observationsofamplifiedroughnessfromcrystalaccreti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Robinson, N. J verfasserin aut Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. platelet ice marine ice ice‐ocean interaction hydraulic roughness drag coefficient under‐ice boundary layer Melting Ice Sea level Stevens, C. L oth McPhee, M. G oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 44(2017), 4, Seite 1814-1822 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:44 year:2017 number:4 pages:1814-1822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071491 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL071491/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1878057170 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 44 2017 4 1814-1822 |
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10.1002/2016GL071491 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1992065659 (DE-599)GBVOLC1992065659 (PRQ)p2470-7f49362e5e0bb74fae45e6be65e30ef4b15c3f9ed08731174d0e287cd39fb2370 (KEY)0026932820170000044000401814observationsofamplifiedroughnessfromcrystalaccreti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Robinson, N. J verfasserin aut Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. platelet ice marine ice ice‐ocean interaction hydraulic roughness drag coefficient under‐ice boundary layer Melting Ice Sea level Stevens, C. L oth McPhee, M. G oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 44(2017), 4, Seite 1814-1822 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:44 year:2017 number:4 pages:1814-1822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071491 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL071491/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1878057170 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 44 2017 4 1814-1822 |
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10.1002/2016GL071491 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1992065659 (DE-599)GBVOLC1992065659 (PRQ)p2470-7f49362e5e0bb74fae45e6be65e30ef4b15c3f9ed08731174d0e287cd39fb2370 (KEY)0026932820170000044000401814observationsofamplifiedroughnessfromcrystalaccreti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Robinson, N. J verfasserin aut Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. platelet ice marine ice ice‐ocean interaction hydraulic roughness drag coefficient under‐ice boundary layer Melting Ice Sea level Stevens, C. L oth McPhee, M. G oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 44(2017), 4, Seite 1814-1822 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:44 year:2017 number:4 pages:1814-1822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071491 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL071491/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1878057170 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 44 2017 4 1814-1822 |
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10.1002/2016GL071491 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1992065659 (DE-599)GBVOLC1992065659 (PRQ)p2470-7f49362e5e0bb74fae45e6be65e30ef4b15c3f9ed08731174d0e287cd39fb2370 (KEY)0026932820170000044000401814observationsofamplifiedroughnessfromcrystalaccreti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Robinson, N. J verfasserin aut Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. platelet ice marine ice ice‐ocean interaction hydraulic roughness drag coefficient under‐ice boundary layer Melting Ice Sea level Stevens, C. L oth McPhee, M. G oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 44(2017), 4, Seite 1814-1822 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:44 year:2017 number:4 pages:1814-1822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071491 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL071491/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1878057170 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 44 2017 4 1814-1822 |
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J</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2017</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. 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Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. 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Robinson, N. J ddc 550 bkl 38.70 misc platelet ice misc marine ice misc ice‐ocean interaction misc hydraulic roughness misc drag coefficient misc under‐ice boundary layer misc Melting misc Ice misc Sea level Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer |
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550 DNB 38.70 bkl Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer platelet ice marine ice ice‐ocean interaction hydraulic roughness drag coefficient under‐ice boundary layer Melting Ice Sea level |
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observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer |
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Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer |
| abstract |
Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. |
| abstractGer |
Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Ice crystal accretion on the underside of sea ice and ice shelves, a signature of pressure‐induced supercooling, has the potential to alter the energy balance in the ocean boundary layer through enhanced hydrodynamic roughness. Here we present estimates of crystal‐driven ocean boundary layer roughness in supercooled water beneath sea ice adjacent to the McMurdo/Ross Ice Shelf. Data were collected from four sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, between 2007 and 2015, and represent a range of ice shelf‐affected conditions. The results show that drag of the rough ice underside in the presence of platelets is 6–30 times larger than typical levels homogeneously applied in ice‐ocean interaction models. The crystal‐enhanced drag promotes increased entrainment into the boundary layer from the upper ocean, which has the potential to affect ice shelf evolution and sea ice growth through enhanced turbulent exchange of heat and momentum. Supercooling by pressure relief of ice shelf water results in thick accumulations of ice crystals beneath ice shelves and adjacent sea ice Physical characteristics of the crystal layers give rise to multiple modes of stress at the ice‐ocean interface The resulting drag can be up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than is presently used in numerical models of ice shelf cavities Water that includes a component of meltwater can become colder than its freezing point as it ascends the ice shelf base. This can promote the growth of thick layers of ice crystals between the ice and ocean. Owing to a lack of observational evidence, computational models presently make no allowance for this granular type of interface and therefore suppress vertical mixing that may be significant for ice shelf longevity. Over five Antarctic field campaigns, we have made measurements in the ocean beneath sea ice that demonstrate the effect of thin and thick layers of ice crystals beneath the ice. We have found that there may be as much as 5 times greater water exchange near the base of the ice than when the crystals are not present. Depending on the temperature of that water, this effect could lead to either enhanced melt or freeze. |
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Observations of amplified roughness from crystal accretion in the sub‐ice ocean boundary layer |
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