Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes

The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two...
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Autor*in:	Li, Xiaojuan [verfasserIn] Cai, Wenguo Liu, Yanlin Li, Hui Fu, Liwen Liu, Zengyu Xu, Lin Liu, Hongtao Xu, Tongda Xiong, Yan

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	Observations Cell proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana Rapamycin Physiological aspects Tissue Glucose Flowers & plants Proteins Biosynthesis Cell cycle

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Washington, DC : NAS, 1877, 114(2017), 10, Seite 2765
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:114 ; year:2017 ; number:10 ; pages:2765

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1073/pnas.1618782114

Katalog-ID:	OLC1993657134

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520			\|a The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissues have differential activation requirements for local nutrient, hormone, and environmental cues (e.g., light) remain enigmatic in photosynthetic plants. Here, we report that the activation of root and shoot apexes relies on distinct glucose and light signals. Glucose energy signaling is sufficient to activate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in root apexes. In contrast, both the glucose and light signals are required for TOR activation in shoot apexes. Strikingly, exogenously applied auxin is able to replace light to activate TOR in shoot apexes and promote true leaf development. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the shoot and high concentration of auxin in the root might be responsible for this distinctive light requirement in root and shoot apexes, because light is required to promote auxin biosynthesis in the shoot. Furthermore, we reveal that the small GTPase Rho-related protein 2 (ROP2) transduces light-auxin signal to activate TOR by direct interaction, which, in turn, promotes transcription factors E2Fa,b for activating cell cycle genes in shoot apexes. Consistently, constitutively activated ROP2 plants stimulate TOR in the shoot apex and cause true leaf development even without light. Together, our findings establish a pivotal hub role of TOR signaling in integrating different environmental signals to regulate distinct developmental transition and growth in the shoot and root.
650		4	\|a Observations
650		4	\|a Cell proliferation
650		4	\|a Arabidopsis thaliana
650		4	\|a Rapamycin
650		4	\|a Physiological aspects
650		4	\|a Tissue
650		4	\|a Glucose
650		4	\|a Flowers & plants
650		4	\|a Proteins
650		4	\|a Biosynthesis
650		4	\|a Cell cycle
700	1		\|a Cai, Wenguo \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Liu, Yanlin \|4 oth
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700	1		\|a Fu, Liwen \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Liu, Zengyu \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Xu, Lin \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Liu, Hongtao \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Xu, Tongda \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Xiong, Yan \|4 oth
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spelling	10.1073/pnas.1618782114 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1993657134 (DE-599)GBVOLC1993657134 (PRQ)c1806-860a7f9e5c709ff1894f6fce13fe7e922a1c1274e54afab34a5cc1467381d0bc0 (KEY)0583363920170000114001002765differentialtoractivationandcellproliferationinara DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Li, Xiaojuan verfasserin aut Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissues have differential activation requirements for local nutrient, hormone, and environmental cues (e.g., light) remain enigmatic in photosynthetic plants. Here, we report that the activation of root and shoot apexes relies on distinct glucose and light signals. Glucose energy signaling is sufficient to activate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in root apexes. In contrast, both the glucose and light signals are required for TOR activation in shoot apexes. Strikingly, exogenously applied auxin is able to replace light to activate TOR in shoot apexes and promote true leaf development. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the shoot and high concentration of auxin in the root might be responsible for this distinctive light requirement in root and shoot apexes, because light is required to promote auxin biosynthesis in the shoot. Furthermore, we reveal that the small GTPase Rho-related protein 2 (ROP2) transduces light-auxin signal to activate TOR by direct interaction, which, in turn, promotes transcription factors E2Fa,b for activating cell cycle genes in shoot apexes. Consistently, constitutively activated ROP2 plants stimulate TOR in the shoot apex and cause true leaf development even without light. Together, our findings establish a pivotal hub role of TOR signaling in integrating different environmental signals to regulate distinct developmental transition and growth in the shoot and root. Observations Cell proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana Rapamycin Physiological aspects Tissue Glucose Flowers & plants Proteins Biosynthesis Cell cycle Cai, Wenguo oth Liu, Yanlin oth Li, Hui oth Fu, Liwen oth Liu, Zengyu oth Xu, Lin oth Liu, Hongtao oth Xu, Tongda oth Xiong, Yan oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 10, Seite 2765 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:10 pages:2765 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618782114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1881969039 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 10 2765
allfields_unstemmed	10.1073/pnas.1618782114 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1993657134 (DE-599)GBVOLC1993657134 (PRQ)c1806-860a7f9e5c709ff1894f6fce13fe7e922a1c1274e54afab34a5cc1467381d0bc0 (KEY)0583363920170000114001002765differentialtoractivationandcellproliferationinara DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Li, Xiaojuan verfasserin aut Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissues have differential activation requirements for local nutrient, hormone, and environmental cues (e.g., light) remain enigmatic in photosynthetic plants. Here, we report that the activation of root and shoot apexes relies on distinct glucose and light signals. Glucose energy signaling is sufficient to activate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in root apexes. In contrast, both the glucose and light signals are required for TOR activation in shoot apexes. Strikingly, exogenously applied auxin is able to replace light to activate TOR in shoot apexes and promote true leaf development. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the shoot and high concentration of auxin in the root might be responsible for this distinctive light requirement in root and shoot apexes, because light is required to promote auxin biosynthesis in the shoot. Furthermore, we reveal that the small GTPase Rho-related protein 2 (ROP2) transduces light-auxin signal to activate TOR by direct interaction, which, in turn, promotes transcription factors E2Fa,b for activating cell cycle genes in shoot apexes. Consistently, constitutively activated ROP2 plants stimulate TOR in the shoot apex and cause true leaf development even without light. Together, our findings establish a pivotal hub role of TOR signaling in integrating different environmental signals to regulate distinct developmental transition and growth in the shoot and root. Observations Cell proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana Rapamycin Physiological aspects Tissue Glucose Flowers & plants Proteins Biosynthesis Cell cycle Cai, Wenguo oth Liu, Yanlin oth Li, Hui oth Fu, Liwen oth Liu, Zengyu oth Xu, Lin oth Liu, Hongtao oth Xu, Tongda oth Xiong, Yan oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 10, Seite 2765 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:10 pages:2765 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618782114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1881969039 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 10 2765
allfieldsGer	10.1073/pnas.1618782114 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1993657134 (DE-599)GBVOLC1993657134 (PRQ)c1806-860a7f9e5c709ff1894f6fce13fe7e922a1c1274e54afab34a5cc1467381d0bc0 (KEY)0583363920170000114001002765differentialtoractivationandcellproliferationinara DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Li, Xiaojuan verfasserin aut Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissues have differential activation requirements for local nutrient, hormone, and environmental cues (e.g., light) remain enigmatic in photosynthetic plants. Here, we report that the activation of root and shoot apexes relies on distinct glucose and light signals. Glucose energy signaling is sufficient to activate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in root apexes. In contrast, both the glucose and light signals are required for TOR activation in shoot apexes. Strikingly, exogenously applied auxin is able to replace light to activate TOR in shoot apexes and promote true leaf development. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the shoot and high concentration of auxin in the root might be responsible for this distinctive light requirement in root and shoot apexes, because light is required to promote auxin biosynthesis in the shoot. Furthermore, we reveal that the small GTPase Rho-related protein 2 (ROP2) transduces light-auxin signal to activate TOR by direct interaction, which, in turn, promotes transcription factors E2Fa,b for activating cell cycle genes in shoot apexes. Consistently, constitutively activated ROP2 plants stimulate TOR in the shoot apex and cause true leaf development even without light. Together, our findings establish a pivotal hub role of TOR signaling in integrating different environmental signals to regulate distinct developmental transition and growth in the shoot and root. Observations Cell proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana Rapamycin Physiological aspects Tissue Glucose Flowers & plants Proteins Biosynthesis Cell cycle Cai, Wenguo oth Liu, Yanlin oth Li, Hui oth Fu, Liwen oth Liu, Zengyu oth Xu, Lin oth Liu, Hongtao oth Xu, Tongda oth Xiong, Yan oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 10, Seite 2765 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:10 pages:2765 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618782114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1881969039 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 10 2765
allfieldsSound	10.1073/pnas.1618782114 doi PQ20170721 (DE-627)OLC1993657134 (DE-599)GBVOLC1993657134 (PRQ)c1806-860a7f9e5c709ff1894f6fce13fe7e922a1c1274e54afab34a5cc1467381d0bc0 (KEY)0583363920170000114001002765differentialtoractivationandcellproliferationinara DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Li, Xiaojuan verfasserin aut Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissues have differential activation requirements for local nutrient, hormone, and environmental cues (e.g., light) remain enigmatic in photosynthetic plants. Here, we report that the activation of root and shoot apexes relies on distinct glucose and light signals. Glucose energy signaling is sufficient to activate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in root apexes. In contrast, both the glucose and light signals are required for TOR activation in shoot apexes. Strikingly, exogenously applied auxin is able to replace light to activate TOR in shoot apexes and promote true leaf development. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the shoot and high concentration of auxin in the root might be responsible for this distinctive light requirement in root and shoot apexes, because light is required to promote auxin biosynthesis in the shoot. Furthermore, we reveal that the small GTPase Rho-related protein 2 (ROP2) transduces light-auxin signal to activate TOR by direct interaction, which, in turn, promotes transcription factors E2Fa,b for activating cell cycle genes in shoot apexes. Consistently, constitutively activated ROP2 plants stimulate TOR in the shoot apex and cause true leaf development even without light. Together, our findings establish a pivotal hub role of TOR signaling in integrating different environmental signals to regulate distinct developmental transition and growth in the shoot and root. Observations Cell proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana Rapamycin Physiological aspects Tissue Glucose Flowers & plants Proteins Biosynthesis Cell cycle Cai, Wenguo oth Liu, Yanlin oth Li, Hui oth Fu, Liwen oth Liu, Zengyu oth Xu, Lin oth Liu, Hongtao oth Xu, Tongda oth Xiong, Yan oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 10, Seite 2765 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:10 pages:2765 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618782114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1881969039 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 10 2765
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source	Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114(2017), 10, Seite 2765 volume:114 year:2017 number:10 pages:2765
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author	Li, Xiaojuan
spellingShingle	Li, Xiaojuan ddc 500 ddc 570 fid LING fid BIODIV misc Observations misc Cell proliferation misc Arabidopsis thaliana misc Rapamycin misc Physiological aspects misc Tissue misc Glucose misc Flowers & plants misc Proteins misc Biosynthesis misc Cell cycle Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes
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title	Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes
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title_full	Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes
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title_sort	differential tor activation and cell proliferation in arabidopsis root and shoot apexes
title_auth	Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes
abstract	The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissues have differential activation requirements for local nutrient, hormone, and environmental cues (e.g., light) remain enigmatic in photosynthetic plants. Here, we report that the activation of root and shoot apexes relies on distinct glucose and light signals. Glucose energy signaling is sufficient to activate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in root apexes. In contrast, both the glucose and light signals are required for TOR activation in shoot apexes. Strikingly, exogenously applied auxin is able to replace light to activate TOR in shoot apexes and promote true leaf development. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the shoot and high concentration of auxin in the root might be responsible for this distinctive light requirement in root and shoot apexes, because light is required to promote auxin biosynthesis in the shoot. Furthermore, we reveal that the small GTPase Rho-related protein 2 (ROP2) transduces light-auxin signal to activate TOR by direct interaction, which, in turn, promotes transcription factors E2Fa,b for activating cell cycle genes in shoot apexes. Consistently, constitutively activated ROP2 plants stimulate TOR in the shoot apex and cause true leaf development even without light. Together, our findings establish a pivotal hub role of TOR signaling in integrating different environmental signals to regulate distinct developmental transition and growth in the shoot and root.
abstractGer	The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissues have differential activation requirements for local nutrient, hormone, and environmental cues (e.g., light) remain enigmatic in photosynthetic plants. Here, we report that the activation of root and shoot apexes relies on distinct glucose and light signals. Glucose energy signaling is sufficient to activate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in root apexes. In contrast, both the glucose and light signals are required for TOR activation in shoot apexes. Strikingly, exogenously applied auxin is able to replace light to activate TOR in shoot apexes and promote true leaf development. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the shoot and high concentration of auxin in the root might be responsible for this distinctive light requirement in root and shoot apexes, because light is required to promote auxin biosynthesis in the shoot. Furthermore, we reveal that the small GTPase Rho-related protein 2 (ROP2) transduces light-auxin signal to activate TOR by direct interaction, which, in turn, promotes transcription factors E2Fa,b for activating cell cycle genes in shoot apexes. Consistently, constitutively activated ROP2 plants stimulate TOR in the shoot apex and cause true leaf development even without light. Together, our findings establish a pivotal hub role of TOR signaling in integrating different environmental signals to regulate distinct developmental transition and growth in the shoot and root.
abstract_unstemmed	The developmental plasticity of plants relies on the remarkable ability of the meristems to integrate nutrient and energy availability with environmental signals. Meristems in root and shoot apexes share highly similar molecular players but are spatially separated by soil. Whether and how these two meristematic tissues have differential activation requirements for local nutrient, hormone, and environmental cues (e.g., light) remain enigmatic in photosynthetic plants. Here, we report that the activation of root and shoot apexes relies on distinct glucose and light signals. Glucose energy signaling is sufficient to activate target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase in root apexes. In contrast, both the glucose and light signals are required for TOR activation in shoot apexes. Strikingly, exogenously applied auxin is able to replace light to activate TOR in shoot apexes and promote true leaf development. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the shoot and high concentration of auxin in the root might be responsible for this distinctive light requirement in root and shoot apexes, because light is required to promote auxin biosynthesis in the shoot. Furthermore, we reveal that the small GTPase Rho-related protein 2 (ROP2) transduces light-auxin signal to activate TOR by direct interaction, which, in turn, promotes transcription factors E2Fa,b for activating cell cycle genes in shoot apexes. Consistently, constitutively activated ROP2 plants stimulate TOR in the shoot apex and cause true leaf development even without light. Together, our findings establish a pivotal hub role of TOR signaling in integrating different environmental signals to regulate distinct developmental transition and growth in the shoot and root.
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title_short	Differential TOR activation and cell proliferation in Arabidopsis root and shoot apexes
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618782114 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1881969039
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author2	Cai, Wenguo Liu, Yanlin Li, Hui Fu, Liwen Liu, Zengyu Xu, Lin Liu, Hongtao Xu, Tongda Xiong, Yan
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up_date	2024-07-03T15:16:20.406Z
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