Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth

When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Lapierre, Jeff L [verfasserIn] Sonnenfeld, Richard G Stock, Michael Krehbiel, Paul R Edens, Harald E Jensen, Daniel

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Rechteinformationen:	Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Schlagwörter:	continuing current atmospheric electricity lightning physics Growth rate Lightning leaders Cloud-to-ground lightning Lightning currents Lightning flashes Lightning Lightning discharges

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Journal of geophysical research / D - Washington, DC : Union, 1984, 122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:122 ; year:2017 ; number:8 ; pages:4150-4164

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1002/2016JD026189

Katalog-ID:	OLC1994953985

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520			\|a When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents
540			\|a Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
650		4	\|a continuing current
650		4	\|a atmospheric electricity
650		4	\|a lightning
650		4	\|a physics
650		4	\|a Growth rate
650		4	\|a Lightning leaders
650		4	\|a Cloud-to-ground lightning
650		4	\|a Lightning currents
650		4	\|a Lightning flashes
650		4	\|a Lightning
650		4	\|a Lightning discharges
700	1		\|a Sonnenfeld, Richard G \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Stock, Michael \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Krehbiel, Paul R \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Edens, Harald E \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Jensen, Daniel \|4 oth
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hierarchy_sort_str	2017
publishDate	2017
allfields	10.1002/2016JD026189 doi PQ20170901 (DE-627)OLC1994953985 (DE-599)GBVOLC1994953985 (PRQ)p1375-7e35b0a003959861d4cf554b4f63a3d8e10acca79194592df2a8db51764185ba0 (KEY)0137985220170000122000804150expandingontherelationshipbetweencontinuingcurrent DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Lapierre, Jeff L verfasserin aut Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. continuing current atmospheric electricity lightning physics Growth rate Lightning leaders Cloud-to-ground lightning Lightning currents Lightning flashes Lightning Lightning discharges Sonnenfeld, Richard G oth Stock, Michael oth Krehbiel, Paul R oth Edens, Harald E oth Jensen, Daniel oth Enthalten in Journal of geophysical research / D Washington, DC : Union, 1984 122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164 (DE-627)130444391 (DE-600)710256-2 (DE-576)015978818 2169-897X nnns volume:122 year:2017 number:8 pages:4150-4164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026189 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JD026189/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1897612358 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 AR 122 2017 8 4150-4164
spelling	10.1002/2016JD026189 doi PQ20170901 (DE-627)OLC1994953985 (DE-599)GBVOLC1994953985 (PRQ)p1375-7e35b0a003959861d4cf554b4f63a3d8e10acca79194592df2a8db51764185ba0 (KEY)0137985220170000122000804150expandingontherelationshipbetweencontinuingcurrent DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Lapierre, Jeff L verfasserin aut Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. continuing current atmospheric electricity lightning physics Growth rate Lightning leaders Cloud-to-ground lightning Lightning currents Lightning flashes Lightning Lightning discharges Sonnenfeld, Richard G oth Stock, Michael oth Krehbiel, Paul R oth Edens, Harald E oth Jensen, Daniel oth Enthalten in Journal of geophysical research / D Washington, DC : Union, 1984 122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164 (DE-627)130444391 (DE-600)710256-2 (DE-576)015978818 2169-897X nnns volume:122 year:2017 number:8 pages:4150-4164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026189 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JD026189/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1897612358 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 AR 122 2017 8 4150-4164
allfields_unstemmed	10.1002/2016JD026189 doi PQ20170901 (DE-627)OLC1994953985 (DE-599)GBVOLC1994953985 (PRQ)p1375-7e35b0a003959861d4cf554b4f63a3d8e10acca79194592df2a8db51764185ba0 (KEY)0137985220170000122000804150expandingontherelationshipbetweencontinuingcurrent DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Lapierre, Jeff L verfasserin aut Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. continuing current atmospheric electricity lightning physics Growth rate Lightning leaders Cloud-to-ground lightning Lightning currents Lightning flashes Lightning Lightning discharges Sonnenfeld, Richard G oth Stock, Michael oth Krehbiel, Paul R oth Edens, Harald E oth Jensen, Daniel oth Enthalten in Journal of geophysical research / D Washington, DC : Union, 1984 122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164 (DE-627)130444391 (DE-600)710256-2 (DE-576)015978818 2169-897X nnns volume:122 year:2017 number:8 pages:4150-4164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026189 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JD026189/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1897612358 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 AR 122 2017 8 4150-4164
allfieldsGer	10.1002/2016JD026189 doi PQ20170901 (DE-627)OLC1994953985 (DE-599)GBVOLC1994953985 (PRQ)p1375-7e35b0a003959861d4cf554b4f63a3d8e10acca79194592df2a8db51764185ba0 (KEY)0137985220170000122000804150expandingontherelationshipbetweencontinuingcurrent DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Lapierre, Jeff L verfasserin aut Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. continuing current atmospheric electricity lightning physics Growth rate Lightning leaders Cloud-to-ground lightning Lightning currents Lightning flashes Lightning Lightning discharges Sonnenfeld, Richard G oth Stock, Michael oth Krehbiel, Paul R oth Edens, Harald E oth Jensen, Daniel oth Enthalten in Journal of geophysical research / D Washington, DC : Union, 1984 122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164 (DE-627)130444391 (DE-600)710256-2 (DE-576)015978818 2169-897X nnns volume:122 year:2017 number:8 pages:4150-4164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026189 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JD026189/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1897612358 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 AR 122 2017 8 4150-4164
allfieldsSound	10.1002/2016JD026189 doi PQ20170901 (DE-627)OLC1994953985 (DE-599)GBVOLC1994953985 (PRQ)p1375-7e35b0a003959861d4cf554b4f63a3d8e10acca79194592df2a8db51764185ba0 (KEY)0137985220170000122000804150expandingontherelationshipbetweencontinuingcurrent DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Lapierre, Jeff L verfasserin aut Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. continuing current atmospheric electricity lightning physics Growth rate Lightning leaders Cloud-to-ground lightning Lightning currents Lightning flashes Lightning Lightning discharges Sonnenfeld, Richard G oth Stock, Michael oth Krehbiel, Paul R oth Edens, Harald E oth Jensen, Daniel oth Enthalten in Journal of geophysical research / D Washington, DC : Union, 1984 122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164 (DE-627)130444391 (DE-600)710256-2 (DE-576)015978818 2169-897X nnns volume:122 year:2017 number:8 pages:4150-4164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026189 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JD026189/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1897612358 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 AR 122 2017 8 4150-4164
language	English
source	Enthalten in Journal of geophysical research / D 122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164 volume:122 year:2017 number:8 pages:4150-4164
sourceStr	Enthalten in Journal of geophysical research / D 122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164 volume:122 year:2017 number:8 pages:4150-4164
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topic_facet	continuing current atmospheric electricity lightning physics Growth rate Lightning leaders Cloud-to-ground lightning Lightning currents Lightning flashes Lightning Lightning discharges
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container_title	Journal of geophysical research / D
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lapierre, Jeff L @@aut@@ Sonnenfeld, Richard G @@oth@@ Stock, Michael @@oth@@ Krehbiel, Paul R @@oth@@ Edens, Harald E @@oth@@ Jensen, Daniel @@oth@@
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In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="540" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. 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author	Lapierre, Jeff L
spellingShingle	Lapierre, Jeff L ddc 550 misc continuing current misc atmospheric electricity misc lightning misc physics misc Growth rate misc Lightning leaders misc Cloud-to-ground lightning misc Lightning currents misc Lightning flashes misc Lightning misc Lightning discharges Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth
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topic_title	550 DNB Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth continuing current atmospheric electricity lightning physics Growth rate Lightning leaders Cloud-to-ground lightning Lightning currents Lightning flashes Lightning Lightning discharges
topic	ddc 550 misc continuing current misc atmospheric electricity misc lightning misc physics misc Growth rate misc Lightning leaders misc Cloud-to-ground lightning misc Lightning currents misc Lightning flashes misc Lightning misc Lightning discharges
topic_unstemmed	ddc 550 misc continuing current misc atmospheric electricity misc lightning misc physics misc Growth rate misc Lightning leaders misc Cloud-to-ground lightning misc Lightning currents misc Lightning flashes misc Lightning misc Lightning discharges
topic_browse	ddc 550 misc continuing current misc atmospheric electricity misc lightning misc physics misc Growth rate misc Lightning leaders misc Cloud-to-ground lightning misc Lightning currents misc Lightning flashes misc Lightning misc Lightning discharges
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title	Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth
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title_full	Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth
author_sort	Lapierre, Jeff L
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title_sort	expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth
title_auth	Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth
abstract	When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents
abstractGer	When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents
abstract_unstemmed	When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents
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title_short	Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026189 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JD026189/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1897612358
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author2	Sonnenfeld, Richard G Stock, Michael Krehbiel, Paul R Edens, Harald E Jensen, Daniel
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a2200265 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">OLC1994953985</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230715055747.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">tu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">170721s2017 xx \|\|\|\|\| 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1002/2016JD026189</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="028" ind1="5" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">PQ20170901</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)OLC1994953985</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)GBVOLC1994953985</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(PRQ)p1375-7e35b0a003959861d4cf554b4f63a3d8e10acca79194592df2a8db51764185ba0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(KEY)0137985220170000122000804150expandingontherelationshipbetweencontinuingcurrent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">550</subfield><subfield code="q">DNB</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lapierre, Jeff L</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2017</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">When lightning connects to the ground, there is a large surge of current, called the return stroke, which is occasionally followed by a longer‐lasting steady current, called continuing current (CC). In a previous study of negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) flashes, we observed the growth rate of in‐cloud positive leaders in an attempt to identify occurrences of CC. However, there was no observed change in positive leader growth rate during CC of negative CG flashes. In this study, we use the Langmuir Electric Field Array, Lightning Mapping Array, and Flash‐Continuous Broadband Digital Interferometer data to extend the previous study to the growth of the negative leader during positive CG flashes. We have found that in contrast with previous results, negative leader growth during positive CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Finally, we find that the growth rate magnitudes for positive and negative leaders are typically ∼2–4 km/10 ms and ∼25–40 km/10 ms, respectively. These contrasting results highlight the differences between positive and negative leaders and provide strong evidence as to why −CC and +CC behave differently. Negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly. It is therefore disconnected from the channel to the ground, and, due to the positive leader's continued growth, an electric potential is built up until a K event is produced that re‐ionizes the channel. Cloud‐to‐ground (CG) discharges are bipolar events consisting of a downward leader to ground fed by an opposite polarity leader within the cloud. For negative CG discharges (−CGs), the downward leader lowers negative charge toward ground, while the associated in‐cloud breakdown is positive. The opposite is true of positive CG discharges (+CGs). When the descending leader contacts the ground, ground potential propagates rapidly back up the channel as a high‐current return stroke, which can occasionally initiate a long‐lasting continuous current (CC). Generally, −CG flashes consist of three to five return strokes, whereas +CG flashes consist of one. In this study, we analyze the growth of negative leaders of +CG flashes during CC to determine whether there is any observable change. We have found that in contrast with −CG flashes, negative leader growth during +CG flashes does show increases in growth rates coincident with CC. Furthermore, we find that negative leaders inject higher amounts of current and allow the channel to remain conductive throughout the duration of CC. Whereas for positive leaders, which inject smaller amounts of current, the channel becomes nonconductive relatively quickly, which leads to multiple return strokes. Negative in‐cloud leader growth rates during positive cloud‐to‐ground flashes were observed to increase during continuing current Reinforced that positive leader growth rates during negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes are independent of continuing current occurrences Differing positive/negative in‐cloud leader current magnitudes injected into the channel explain contrasting behavior of continuing currents</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="540" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nutzungsrecht: © 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">continuing current</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">atmospheric electricity</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">lightning</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">physics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Growth rate</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Lightning leaders</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Cloud-to-ground lightning</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Lightning currents</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Lightning flashes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Lightning</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Lightning discharges</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Sonnenfeld, Richard G</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Stock, Michael</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Krehbiel, Paul R</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Edens, Harald E</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jensen, Daniel</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of geophysical research / D</subfield><subfield code="d">Washington, DC : Union, 1984</subfield><subfield code="g">122(2017), 8, Seite 4150-4164</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)130444391</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)710256-2</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)015978818</subfield><subfield code="x">2169-897X</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:122</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2017</subfield><subfield code="g">number:8</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:4150-4164</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="1"><subfield code="u">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026189</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JD026189/abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://search.proquest.com/docview/1897612358</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_OLC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-PHY</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-GEO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OPC-GGO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OPC-GEO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_154</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">122</subfield><subfield code="j">2017</subfield><subfield code="e">8</subfield><subfield code="h">4150-4164</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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Expanding on the relationship between continuing current and in‐cloud leader growth

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