Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities
In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To exami...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Sabo, Autumn E [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. |
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| Schlagwörter: |
non‐metric multidimensional scaling |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: The journal of ecology - Oxford : Blackwell, 1913, 105(2017), 5, Seite 1386-1398 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:105 ; year:2017 ; number:5 ; pages:1386-1398 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1111/1365-2745.12748 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
OLC1997095629 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities |
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| 520 | |a In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. | ||
| 540 | |a Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society | ||
| 540 | |a © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a openness | |
| 650 | 4 | |a community composition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a docoileus virgnianus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a non‐metric multidimensional scaling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a soil compaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a soil fertility | |
| 650 | 4 | |a nonparametric multiplicative regression | |
| 650 | 4 | |a tree regeneration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a white‐tailed deer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a understorey vegetation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a soil E horizon | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plants | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a White-tailed deer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tissues | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Abundance | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Herbivory | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Horizon | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Forests | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thickness | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental factors | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Compaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Regressions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plants (organisms) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Removal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soils | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Regression analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Light | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Frequency | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plant populations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Deer | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Species | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Community relations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Composition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Composition effects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental impact | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil compaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vegetation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Community composition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil structure | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Herbivores | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Multidimensional scaling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plant communities | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Reproduction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental conditions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Scaling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Breeding success | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Frerker, Katie L |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Waller, Donald M |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kruger, Eric L |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Heard, Matthew |4 oth | |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12748 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997095629 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997095629 (PRQ)c2268-547f1ca4ba43654fc47f28e0135cb133b95cf5beeb0daf4ca6428587f7edf73a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000501386deermediatedchangesinenvironmentcompoundthedirecti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Sabo, Autumn E verfasserin aut Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. openness community composition docoileus virgnianus non‐metric multidimensional scaling soil compaction soil fertility nonparametric multiplicative regression tree regeneration white‐tailed deer understorey vegetation soil E horizon Plants Analysis White-tailed deer Environment Tissues Abundance Herbivory Horizon Forests Thickness Environmental factors Compaction Regressions Soil Plants (organisms) Removal Soils Regression analysis Light Frequency Plant populations Deer Species Community relations Composition Composition effects Environmental impact Soil compaction Vegetation Community composition Soil structure Herbivores Multidimensional scaling Plant communities Reproduction Environmental conditions Scaling Breeding success Frerker, Katie L oth Waller, Donald M oth Kruger, Eric L oth Heard, Matthew oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 5, Seite 1386-1398 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:5 pages:1386-1398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12748 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12748/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1928899996 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 5 1386-1398 |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12748 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997095629 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997095629 (PRQ)c2268-547f1ca4ba43654fc47f28e0135cb133b95cf5beeb0daf4ca6428587f7edf73a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000501386deermediatedchangesinenvironmentcompoundthedirecti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Sabo, Autumn E verfasserin aut Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. openness community composition docoileus virgnianus non‐metric multidimensional scaling soil compaction soil fertility nonparametric multiplicative regression tree regeneration white‐tailed deer understorey vegetation soil E horizon Plants Analysis White-tailed deer Environment Tissues Abundance Herbivory Horizon Forests Thickness Environmental factors Compaction Regressions Soil Plants (organisms) Removal Soils Regression analysis Light Frequency Plant populations Deer Species Community relations Composition Composition effects Environmental impact Soil compaction Vegetation Community composition Soil structure Herbivores Multidimensional scaling Plant communities Reproduction Environmental conditions Scaling Breeding success Frerker, Katie L oth Waller, Donald M oth Kruger, Eric L oth Heard, Matthew oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 5, Seite 1386-1398 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:5 pages:1386-1398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12748 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12748/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1928899996 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 5 1386-1398 |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12748 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997095629 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997095629 (PRQ)c2268-547f1ca4ba43654fc47f28e0135cb133b95cf5beeb0daf4ca6428587f7edf73a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000501386deermediatedchangesinenvironmentcompoundthedirecti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Sabo, Autumn E verfasserin aut Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. openness community composition docoileus virgnianus non‐metric multidimensional scaling soil compaction soil fertility nonparametric multiplicative regression tree regeneration white‐tailed deer understorey vegetation soil E horizon Plants Analysis White-tailed deer Environment Tissues Abundance Herbivory Horizon Forests Thickness Environmental factors Compaction Regressions Soil Plants (organisms) Removal Soils Regression analysis Light Frequency Plant populations Deer Species Community relations Composition Composition effects Environmental impact Soil compaction Vegetation Community composition Soil structure Herbivores Multidimensional scaling Plant communities Reproduction Environmental conditions Scaling Breeding success Frerker, Katie L oth Waller, Donald M oth Kruger, Eric L oth Heard, Matthew oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 5, Seite 1386-1398 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:5 pages:1386-1398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12748 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12748/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1928899996 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 5 1386-1398 |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12748 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997095629 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997095629 (PRQ)c2268-547f1ca4ba43654fc47f28e0135cb133b95cf5beeb0daf4ca6428587f7edf73a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000501386deermediatedchangesinenvironmentcompoundthedirecti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Sabo, Autumn E verfasserin aut Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. openness community composition docoileus virgnianus non‐metric multidimensional scaling soil compaction soil fertility nonparametric multiplicative regression tree regeneration white‐tailed deer understorey vegetation soil E horizon Plants Analysis White-tailed deer Environment Tissues Abundance Herbivory Horizon Forests Thickness Environmental factors Compaction Regressions Soil Plants (organisms) Removal Soils Regression analysis Light Frequency Plant populations Deer Species Community relations Composition Composition effects Environmental impact Soil compaction Vegetation Community composition Soil structure Herbivores Multidimensional scaling Plant communities Reproduction Environmental conditions Scaling Breeding success Frerker, Katie L oth Waller, Donald M oth Kruger, Eric L oth Heard, Matthew oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 5, Seite 1386-1398 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:5 pages:1386-1398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12748 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12748/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1928899996 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 5 1386-1398 |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12748 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997095629 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997095629 (PRQ)c2268-547f1ca4ba43654fc47f28e0135cb133b95cf5beeb0daf4ca6428587f7edf73a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000501386deermediatedchangesinenvironmentcompoundthedirecti DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Sabo, Autumn E verfasserin aut Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. openness community composition docoileus virgnianus non‐metric multidimensional scaling soil compaction soil fertility nonparametric multiplicative regression tree regeneration white‐tailed deer understorey vegetation soil E horizon Plants Analysis White-tailed deer Environment Tissues Abundance Herbivory Horizon Forests Thickness Environmental factors Compaction Regressions Soil Plants (organisms) Removal Soils Regression analysis Light Frequency Plant populations Deer Species Community relations Composition Composition effects Environmental impact Soil compaction Vegetation Community composition Soil structure Herbivores Multidimensional scaling Plant communities Reproduction Environmental conditions Scaling Breeding success Frerker, Katie L oth Waller, Donald M oth Kruger, Eric L oth Heard, Matthew oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 5, Seite 1386-1398 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:5 pages:1386-1398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12748 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12748/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1928899996 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 5 1386-1398 |
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Sabo, Autumn E |
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Sabo, Autumn E ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 42.90 bkl 42.44 misc openness misc community composition misc docoileus virgnianus misc non‐metric multidimensional scaling misc soil compaction misc soil fertility misc nonparametric multiplicative regression misc tree regeneration misc white‐tailed deer misc understorey vegetation misc soil E horizon misc Plants misc Analysis misc White-tailed deer misc Environment misc Tissues misc Abundance misc Herbivory misc Horizon misc Forests misc Thickness misc Environmental factors misc Compaction misc Regressions misc Soil misc Plants (organisms) misc Removal misc Soils misc Regression analysis misc Light misc Frequency misc Plant populations misc Deer misc Species misc Community relations misc Composition misc Composition effects misc Environmental impact misc Soil compaction misc Vegetation misc Community composition misc Soil structure misc Herbivores misc Multidimensional scaling misc Plant communities misc Reproduction misc Environmental conditions misc Scaling misc Breeding success Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities |
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570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities openness community composition docoileus virgnianus non‐metric multidimensional scaling soil compaction soil fertility nonparametric multiplicative regression tree regeneration white‐tailed deer understorey vegetation soil E horizon Plants Analysis White-tailed deer Environment Tissues Abundance Herbivory Horizon Forests Thickness Environmental factors Compaction Regressions Soil Plants (organisms) Removal Soils Regression analysis Light Frequency Plant populations Deer Species Community relations Composition Composition effects Environmental impact Soil compaction Vegetation Community composition Soil structure Herbivores Multidimensional scaling Plant communities Reproduction Environmental conditions Scaling Breeding success |
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ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 42.90 bkl 42.44 misc openness misc community composition misc docoileus virgnianus misc non‐metric multidimensional scaling misc soil compaction misc soil fertility misc nonparametric multiplicative regression misc tree regeneration misc white‐tailed deer misc understorey vegetation misc soil E horizon misc Plants misc Analysis misc White-tailed deer misc Environment misc Tissues misc Abundance misc Herbivory misc Horizon misc Forests misc Thickness misc Environmental factors misc Compaction misc Regressions misc Soil misc Plants (organisms) misc Removal misc Soils misc Regression analysis misc Light misc Frequency misc Plant populations misc Deer misc Species misc Community relations misc Composition misc Composition effects misc Environmental impact misc Soil compaction misc Vegetation misc Community composition misc Soil structure misc Herbivores misc Multidimensional scaling misc Plant communities misc Reproduction misc Environmental conditions misc Scaling misc Breeding success |
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ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 42.90 bkl 42.44 misc openness misc community composition misc docoileus virgnianus misc non‐metric multidimensional scaling misc soil compaction misc soil fertility misc nonparametric multiplicative regression misc tree regeneration misc white‐tailed deer misc understorey vegetation misc soil E horizon misc Plants misc Analysis misc White-tailed deer misc Environment misc Tissues misc Abundance misc Herbivory misc Horizon misc Forests misc Thickness misc Environmental factors misc Compaction misc Regressions misc Soil misc Plants (organisms) misc Removal misc Soils misc Regression analysis misc Light misc Frequency misc Plant populations misc Deer misc Species misc Community relations misc Composition misc Composition effects misc Environmental impact misc Soil compaction misc Vegetation misc Community composition misc Soil structure misc Herbivores misc Multidimensional scaling misc Plant communities misc Reproduction misc Environmental conditions misc Scaling misc Breeding success |
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ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 42.90 bkl 42.44 misc openness misc community composition misc docoileus virgnianus misc non‐metric multidimensional scaling misc soil compaction misc soil fertility misc nonparametric multiplicative regression misc tree regeneration misc white‐tailed deer misc understorey vegetation misc soil E horizon misc Plants misc Analysis misc White-tailed deer misc Environment misc Tissues misc Abundance misc Herbivory misc Horizon misc Forests misc Thickness misc Environmental factors misc Compaction misc Regressions misc Soil misc Plants (organisms) misc Removal misc Soils misc Regression analysis misc Light misc Frequency misc Plant populations misc Deer misc Species misc Community relations misc Composition misc Composition effects misc Environmental impact misc Soil compaction misc Vegetation misc Community composition misc Soil structure misc Herbivores misc Multidimensional scaling misc Plant communities misc Reproduction misc Environmental conditions misc Scaling misc Breeding success |
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Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities |
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deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities |
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Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities |
| abstract |
In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. |
| abstractGer |
In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
In forests of eastern North America, white‐tailed deer ( O docoileus virginianus ) can directly affect, via herbivory, the presence, abundance and reproductive success of many plant species. In addition, deer indirectly influence understorey communities by altering environmental conditions. To examine how deer indirectly influence understorey plants via environmental modification, we sampled vegetation and environmental variables in‐ and outside deer exclosures (10–20 years old) located in temperate forests in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA . We assessed how excluding deer affected understorey community composition and structure, the soil and light environment, and relationships between direct and indirect effects, using non‐metric multidimensional scaling ( NMDS ), mixed linear models and nonparametric multiplicative regression ( NPMR ). Excluding deer altered sapling communities and several aspects of the understorey environment. Excluding deer from plots with lower overstory basal area increased sapling abundance, decreasing the amount of light available to groundlayer plants. Exclusion also reduced soil compaction and the thickness of the soil E horizon. The composition of understorey communities covaried in apparent response to the environmental factors affected by exclusion. In several common species and groups, E horizon thickness, compaction, openness, and/or total (sapling and overstory) basal area were significant predictors of plant frequency. Complementary analyses revealed that deer exclusion also altered the frequency distributions of several species and groups across environmental space. Synthesis . Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities. Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. Thus, we suggest a re‐examination of the common assumption that understorey community shifts stem primarily from tissue removal. Deer alter many facets of the understorey environment, such as light availability, soil compaction and thickness of the soil E horizon, which, in turn, appear to mediate variation in plant communities (e.g. data shown above for a, graminoids and b, Liliaceae). Those environmental modifications likely compound direct impacts of herbivory as drivers of understorey community change. Our results provide evidence that deer effects on the environment have important implications for forest composition. |
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Deer‐mediated changes in environment compound the direct impacts of herbivory on understorey plant communities |
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