From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps
This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Pini, Roberta [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. |
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| Schlagwörter: |
palaeoecology and land‐use history |
|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: The journal of ecology - Oxford : Blackwell, 1913, 105(2017), 6, Seite 1580-1597 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:105 ; year:2017 ; number:6 ; pages:1580-1597 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1111/1365-2745.12767 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
OLC199709598X |
|---|
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps |
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| 520 | |a This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m a.s.l, northwestern Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between c. 6400–1800 cal years bp . Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high‐altitude up to c. 5600 cal years bp , when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14 C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (c. 5600 cal years bp ). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700–5300 cal years bp . Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S1, Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of P. cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus . Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. Synthesis . Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years bp , high‐elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, palaeoecological information and pollen‐based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times. This extensive and biodiverse cow pasture in the elevational belt of the western Italian Alps was suddenly installed at the Copper Age onset at the expenses of timberline forests. A 5600 years‐long history of permanent herding and landscape management is narrated by the palaeoecological archive retrieved from a pond used for livestock watering. | ||
| 540 | |a Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society | ||
| 540 | |a © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a nutrients | |
| 650 | 4 | |a stratigraphy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a archaeology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a dung fungi | |
| 650 | 4 | |a palaeoecology and land‐use history | |
| 650 | 4 | |a pastoralism | |
| 650 | 4 | |a C dating | |
| 650 | 4 | |a landscape ecology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a subalpine forests | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sediments (Geology) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Forests and forestry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ecosystems | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Climatic changes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Archaeology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Excavations (Archaeology) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Charcoal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pastures | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Phosphorus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Forests | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Copper | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biological fertilization | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Habitat selection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pasture | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Altitude | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fertilization | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fire | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human-environment relationship | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prehistoric era | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Composition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Forest ecosystems | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Landscape | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vegetation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prehistoric | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Land use | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental changes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sequencing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a High altitude | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human factors | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Alpine environments | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Age | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Palaeo studies | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Climate change | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Anthropogenic factors | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Contraction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Timberline | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human impact | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Woody plants | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Historic sites | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pressure | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Change detection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fires | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pine trees | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geochemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Climate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Archaeological sites | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Stratigraphy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Stone Age | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Appendix | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pollen | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dynamics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mires | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Forest biomass | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human influences | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural resources | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Probability theory | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Landscapes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Exploitation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Spores | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ravazzi, Cesare |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Raiteri, Luca |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Guerreschi, Antonio |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Castellano, Lorenzo |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Comolli, Roberto |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gill, Jacquelyn |4 oth | |
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| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:105 |g year:2017 |g number:6 |g pages:1580-1597 |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12767 |3 Volltext |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199709598X (DE-599)GBVOLC199709598X (PRQ)g1627-dab5386ae88bc21a9255cfff87681e0601fdc76039499e07038f32e503f2527a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000601580frompristineforeststohighaltitudepasturesanecologi DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Pini, Roberta verfasserin aut From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m a.s.l, northwestern Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between c. 6400–1800 cal years bp . Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high‐altitude up to c. 5600 cal years bp , when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14 C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (c. 5600 cal years bp ). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700–5300 cal years bp . Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S1, Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of P. cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus . Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. Synthesis . Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years bp , high‐elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, palaeoecological information and pollen‐based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times. This extensive and biodiverse cow pasture in the elevational belt of the western Italian Alps was suddenly installed at the Copper Age onset at the expenses of timberline forests. A 5600 years‐long history of permanent herding and landscape management is narrated by the palaeoecological archive retrieved from a pond used for livestock watering. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. nutrients stratigraphy archaeology dung fungi palaeoecology and land‐use history pastoralism C dating landscape ecology subalpine forests Sediments (Geology) Forests and forestry Ecosystems Environmental aspects Analysis Climatic changes Archaeology Excavations (Archaeology) Charcoal Pastures Phosphorus Forests Copper Biological fertilization Habitat selection Pasture Altitude Fertilization Fire Human-environment relationship Prehistoric era Composition Forest ecosystems Landscape Vegetation Prehistoric Land use Environmental changes Sequencing High altitude Dung Human factors Alpine environments Age Palaeo studies Climate change Anthropogenic factors Contraction Timberline Human impact Woody plants Historic sites Pressure Change detection Fires Pine trees Geochemistry Climate Archaeological sites Stratigraphy Stone Age Appendix Pollen Dynamics Mires Forest biomass Human influences Natural resources Probability theory Landscapes Exploitation Spores Ravazzi, Cesare oth Raiteri, Luca oth Guerreschi, Antonio oth Castellano, Lorenzo oth Comolli, Roberto oth Gill, Jacquelyn oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 6, Seite 1580-1597 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:6 pages:1580-1597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1953028831 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 6 1580-1597 |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199709598X (DE-599)GBVOLC199709598X (PRQ)g1627-dab5386ae88bc21a9255cfff87681e0601fdc76039499e07038f32e503f2527a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000601580frompristineforeststohighaltitudepasturesanecologi DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Pini, Roberta verfasserin aut From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m a.s.l, northwestern Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between c. 6400–1800 cal years bp . Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high‐altitude up to c. 5600 cal years bp , when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14 C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (c. 5600 cal years bp ). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700–5300 cal years bp . Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S1, Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of P. cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus . Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. Synthesis . Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years bp , high‐elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, palaeoecological information and pollen‐based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times. This extensive and biodiverse cow pasture in the elevational belt of the western Italian Alps was suddenly installed at the Copper Age onset at the expenses of timberline forests. A 5600 years‐long history of permanent herding and landscape management is narrated by the palaeoecological archive retrieved from a pond used for livestock watering. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. nutrients stratigraphy archaeology dung fungi palaeoecology and land‐use history pastoralism C dating landscape ecology subalpine forests Sediments (Geology) Forests and forestry Ecosystems Environmental aspects Analysis Climatic changes Archaeology Excavations (Archaeology) Charcoal Pastures Phosphorus Forests Copper Biological fertilization Habitat selection Pasture Altitude Fertilization Fire Human-environment relationship Prehistoric era Composition Forest ecosystems Landscape Vegetation Prehistoric Land use Environmental changes Sequencing High altitude Dung Human factors Alpine environments Age Palaeo studies Climate change Anthropogenic factors Contraction Timberline Human impact Woody plants Historic sites Pressure Change detection Fires Pine trees Geochemistry Climate Archaeological sites Stratigraphy Stone Age Appendix Pollen Dynamics Mires Forest biomass Human influences Natural resources Probability theory Landscapes Exploitation Spores Ravazzi, Cesare oth Raiteri, Luca oth Guerreschi, Antonio oth Castellano, Lorenzo oth Comolli, Roberto oth Gill, Jacquelyn oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 6, Seite 1580-1597 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:6 pages:1580-1597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1953028831 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 6 1580-1597 |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199709598X (DE-599)GBVOLC199709598X (PRQ)g1627-dab5386ae88bc21a9255cfff87681e0601fdc76039499e07038f32e503f2527a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000601580frompristineforeststohighaltitudepasturesanecologi DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Pini, Roberta verfasserin aut From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m a.s.l, northwestern Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between c. 6400–1800 cal years bp . Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high‐altitude up to c. 5600 cal years bp , when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14 C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (c. 5600 cal years bp ). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700–5300 cal years bp . Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S1, Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of P. cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus . Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. Synthesis . Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years bp , high‐elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, palaeoecological information and pollen‐based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times. This extensive and biodiverse cow pasture in the elevational belt of the western Italian Alps was suddenly installed at the Copper Age onset at the expenses of timberline forests. A 5600 years‐long history of permanent herding and landscape management is narrated by the palaeoecological archive retrieved from a pond used for livestock watering. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. nutrients stratigraphy archaeology dung fungi palaeoecology and land‐use history pastoralism C dating landscape ecology subalpine forests Sediments (Geology) Forests and forestry Ecosystems Environmental aspects Analysis Climatic changes Archaeology Excavations (Archaeology) Charcoal Pastures Phosphorus Forests Copper Biological fertilization Habitat selection Pasture Altitude Fertilization Fire Human-environment relationship Prehistoric era Composition Forest ecosystems Landscape Vegetation Prehistoric Land use Environmental changes Sequencing High altitude Dung Human factors Alpine environments Age Palaeo studies Climate change Anthropogenic factors Contraction Timberline Human impact Woody plants Historic sites Pressure Change detection Fires Pine trees Geochemistry Climate Archaeological sites Stratigraphy Stone Age Appendix Pollen Dynamics Mires Forest biomass Human influences Natural resources Probability theory Landscapes Exploitation Spores Ravazzi, Cesare oth Raiteri, Luca oth Guerreschi, Antonio oth Castellano, Lorenzo oth Comolli, Roberto oth Gill, Jacquelyn oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 6, Seite 1580-1597 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:6 pages:1580-1597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1953028831 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 6 1580-1597 |
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10.1111/1365-2745.12767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199709598X (DE-599)GBVOLC199709598X (PRQ)g1627-dab5386ae88bc21a9255cfff87681e0601fdc76039499e07038f32e503f2527a0 (KEY)0037263320170000105000601580frompristineforeststohighaltitudepasturesanecologi DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl Pini, Roberta verfasserin aut From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m a.s.l, northwestern Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between c. 6400–1800 cal years bp . Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high‐altitude up to c. 5600 cal years bp , when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14 C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (c. 5600 cal years bp ). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700–5300 cal years bp . Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S1, Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of P. cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus . Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. Synthesis . Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years bp , high‐elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, palaeoecological information and pollen‐based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times. This extensive and biodiverse cow pasture in the elevational belt of the western Italian Alps was suddenly installed at the Copper Age onset at the expenses of timberline forests. A 5600 years‐long history of permanent herding and landscape management is narrated by the palaeoecological archive retrieved from a pond used for livestock watering. Nutzungsrecht: 2017 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society © COPYRIGHT 2017 Blackwell Publishers Ltd. nutrients stratigraphy archaeology dung fungi palaeoecology and land‐use history pastoralism C dating landscape ecology subalpine forests Sediments (Geology) Forests and forestry Ecosystems Environmental aspects Analysis Climatic changes Archaeology Excavations (Archaeology) Charcoal Pastures Phosphorus Forests Copper Biological fertilization Habitat selection Pasture Altitude Fertilization Fire Human-environment relationship Prehistoric era Composition Forest ecosystems Landscape Vegetation Prehistoric Land use Environmental changes Sequencing High altitude Dung Human factors Alpine environments Age Palaeo studies Climate change Anthropogenic factors Contraction Timberline Human impact Woody plants Historic sites Pressure Change detection Fires Pine trees Geochemistry Climate Archaeological sites Stratigraphy Stone Age Appendix Pollen Dynamics Mires Forest biomass Human influences Natural resources Probability theory Landscapes Exploitation Spores Ravazzi, Cesare oth Raiteri, Luca oth Guerreschi, Antonio oth Castellano, Lorenzo oth Comolli, Roberto oth Gill, Jacquelyn oth Enthalten in The journal of ecology Oxford : Blackwell, 1913 105(2017), 6, Seite 1580-1597 (DE-627)129078344 (DE-600)3023-5 (DE-576)014410907 0022-0477 nnns volume:105 year:2017 number:6 pages:1580-1597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1953028831 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-SAS SSG-OLC-MFO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_4012 42.90 AVZ 42.44 AVZ AR 105 2017 6 1580-1597 |
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570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.90 bkl 42.44 bkl From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps nutrients stratigraphy archaeology dung fungi palaeoecology and land‐use history pastoralism C dating landscape ecology subalpine forests Sediments (Geology) Forests and forestry Ecosystems Environmental aspects Analysis Climatic changes Archaeology Excavations (Archaeology) Charcoal Pastures Phosphorus Forests Copper Biological fertilization Habitat selection Pasture Altitude Fertilization Fire Human-environment relationship Prehistoric era Composition Forest ecosystems Landscape Vegetation Prehistoric Land use Environmental changes Sequencing High altitude Dung Human factors Alpine environments Age Palaeo studies Climate change Anthropogenic factors Contraction Timberline Human impact Woody plants Historic sites Pressure Change detection Fires Pine trees Geochemistry Climate Archaeological sites Stratigraphy Stone Age Appendix Pollen Dynamics Mires Forest biomass Human influences Natural resources Probability theory Landscapes Exploitation Spores |
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From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps |
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From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps |
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from pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western italian alps |
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From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps |
| abstract |
This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m a.s.l, northwestern Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between c. 6400–1800 cal years bp . Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high‐altitude up to c. 5600 cal years bp , when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14 C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (c. 5600 cal years bp ). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700–5300 cal years bp . Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S1, Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of P. cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus . Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. Synthesis . Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years bp , high‐elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, palaeoecological information and pollen‐based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times. This extensive and biodiverse cow pasture in the elevational belt of the western Italian Alps was suddenly installed at the Copper Age onset at the expenses of timberline forests. A 5600 years‐long history of permanent herding and landscape management is narrated by the palaeoecological archive retrieved from a pond used for livestock watering. |
| abstractGer |
This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m a.s.l, northwestern Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between c. 6400–1800 cal years bp . Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high‐altitude up to c. 5600 cal years bp , when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14 C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (c. 5600 cal years bp ). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700–5300 cal years bp . Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S1, Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of P. cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus . Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. Synthesis . Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years bp , high‐elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, palaeoecological information and pollen‐based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times. This extensive and biodiverse cow pasture in the elevational belt of the western Italian Alps was suddenly installed at the Copper Age onset at the expenses of timberline forests. A 5600 years‐long history of permanent herding and landscape management is narrated by the palaeoecological archive retrieved from a pond used for livestock watering. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. Palaeoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m a.s.l, northwestern Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between c. 6400–1800 cal years bp . Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high‐altitude up to c. 5600 cal years bp , when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14 C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (c. 5600 cal years bp ). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700–5300 cal years bp . Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S1, Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of P. cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus . Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. Synthesis . Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years bp , high‐elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, palaeoecological information and pollen‐based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times. This extensive and biodiverse cow pasture in the elevational belt of the western Italian Alps was suddenly installed at the Copper Age onset at the expenses of timberline forests. A 5600 years‐long history of permanent herding and landscape management is narrated by the palaeoecological archive retrieved from a pond used for livestock watering. |
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From pristine forests to high‐altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps |
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Ravazzi, Cesare Raiteri, Luca Guerreschi, Antonio Castellano, Lorenzo Comolli, Roberto Gill, Jacquelyn |
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