Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways

Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Bumpers, Phillip M [verfasserIn] Rosemond, Amy D Maerz, John C Benstead, Jonathan P

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Rechteinformationen:	Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Schlagwörter:	Desmognathus quadramaculatus salamanders nutrients Eurycea wilderae food webs Inland waters Nutrient enrichment Ecosystems Food Abundance Phosphorus Forests Nutrients Predators Larval development Streams Growth Lakes Heterotrophic microorganisms Detritus feeders Nutrient flow Body size Detritivores Biofilms Enrichment Detritus Species Prey Composition Food webs Algae Composition effects Size Diets Autotrophic microorganisms Pathways Ratios Biomass Tracking Amphibia Energy flow Reptiles & amphibians Energy Microorganisms Stocks Diet Nutrients (mineral) Nitrogen Resources

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Freshwater biology - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971, 62(2017), 10, Seite 1794-1805
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:62 ; year:2017 ; number:10 ; pages:1794-1805

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1111/fwb.12992

Katalog-ID:	OLC1997301652

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520			\|a Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function.
540			\|a Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
650		4	\|a Desmognathus quadramaculatus
650		4	\|a salamanders
650		4	\|a nutrients
650		4	\|a Eurycea wilderae
650		4	\|a food webs
650		4	\|a Inland waters
650		4	\|a Nutrient enrichment
650		4	\|a Ecosystems
650		4	\|a Food
650		4	\|a Abundance
650		4	\|a Phosphorus
650		4	\|a Forests
650		4	\|a Nutrients
650		4	\|a Predators
650		4	\|a Larval development
650		4	\|a Streams
650		4	\|a Growth
650		4	\|a Lakes
650		4	\|a Heterotrophic microorganisms
650		4	\|a Detritus feeders
650		4	\|a Nutrient flow
650		4	\|a Body size
650		4	\|a Detritivores
650		4	\|a Biofilms
650		4	\|a Enrichment
650		4	\|a Detritus
650		4	\|a Species
650		4	\|a Prey
650		4	\|a Composition
650		4	\|a Food webs
650		4	\|a Algae
650		4	\|a Composition effects
650		4	\|a Size
650		4	\|a Diets
650		4	\|a Autotrophic microorganisms
650		4	\|a Pathways
650		4	\|a Ratios
650		4	\|a Biomass
650		4	\|a Tracking
650		4	\|a Amphibia
650		4	\|a Energy flow
650		4	\|a Reptiles & amphibians
650		4	\|a Energy
650		4	\|a Microorganisms
650		4	\|a Stocks
650		4	\|a Diet
650		4	\|a Nutrients (mineral)
650		4	\|a Nitrogen
650		4	\|a Resources
700	1		\|a Rosemond, Amy D \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Maerz, John C \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Benstead, Jonathan P \|4 oth
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allfields	10.1111/fwb.12992 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997301652 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997301652 (PRQ)p1332-4b5a7fe7feb4ad6e6fee7537b28880181982bfd531014908f965f381e2b02b4e0 (KEY)0056936420170000062001001794experimentalnutrientenrichmentofforeststreamsincre DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.00 bkl Bumpers, Phillip M verfasserin aut Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Desmognathus quadramaculatus salamanders nutrients Eurycea wilderae food webs Inland waters Nutrient enrichment Ecosystems Food Abundance Phosphorus Forests Nutrients Predators Larval development Streams Growth Lakes Heterotrophic microorganisms Detritus feeders Nutrient flow Body size Detritivores Biofilms Enrichment Detritus Species Prey Composition Food webs Algae Composition effects Size Diets Autotrophic microorganisms Pathways Ratios Biomass Tracking Amphibia Energy flow Reptiles & amphibians Energy Microorganisms Stocks Diet Nutrients (mineral) Nitrogen Resources Rosemond, Amy D oth Maerz, John C oth Benstead, Jonathan P oth Enthalten in Freshwater biology Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 62(2017), 10, Seite 1794-1805 (DE-627)129295906 (DE-600)121180-8 (DE-576)014489139 0046-5070 nnns volume:62 year:2017 number:10 pages:1794-1805 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12992 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fwb.12992/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1937301980 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 42.00 AVZ AR 62 2017 10 1794-1805
spelling	10.1111/fwb.12992 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997301652 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997301652 (PRQ)p1332-4b5a7fe7feb4ad6e6fee7537b28880181982bfd531014908f965f381e2b02b4e0 (KEY)0056936420170000062001001794experimentalnutrientenrichmentofforeststreamsincre DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.00 bkl Bumpers, Phillip M verfasserin aut Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Desmognathus quadramaculatus salamanders nutrients Eurycea wilderae food webs Inland waters Nutrient enrichment Ecosystems Food Abundance Phosphorus Forests Nutrients Predators Larval development Streams Growth Lakes Heterotrophic microorganisms Detritus feeders Nutrient flow Body size Detritivores Biofilms Enrichment Detritus Species Prey Composition Food webs Algae Composition effects Size Diets Autotrophic microorganisms Pathways Ratios Biomass Tracking Amphibia Energy flow Reptiles & amphibians Energy Microorganisms Stocks Diet Nutrients (mineral) Nitrogen Resources Rosemond, Amy D oth Maerz, John C oth Benstead, Jonathan P oth Enthalten in Freshwater biology Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 62(2017), 10, Seite 1794-1805 (DE-627)129295906 (DE-600)121180-8 (DE-576)014489139 0046-5070 nnns volume:62 year:2017 number:10 pages:1794-1805 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12992 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fwb.12992/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1937301980 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 42.00 AVZ AR 62 2017 10 1794-1805
allfields_unstemmed	10.1111/fwb.12992 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997301652 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997301652 (PRQ)p1332-4b5a7fe7feb4ad6e6fee7537b28880181982bfd531014908f965f381e2b02b4e0 (KEY)0056936420170000062001001794experimentalnutrientenrichmentofforeststreamsincre DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.00 bkl Bumpers, Phillip M verfasserin aut Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Desmognathus quadramaculatus salamanders nutrients Eurycea wilderae food webs Inland waters Nutrient enrichment Ecosystems Food Abundance Phosphorus Forests Nutrients Predators Larval development Streams Growth Lakes Heterotrophic microorganisms Detritus feeders Nutrient flow Body size Detritivores Biofilms Enrichment Detritus Species Prey Composition Food webs Algae Composition effects Size Diets Autotrophic microorganisms Pathways Ratios Biomass Tracking Amphibia Energy flow Reptiles & amphibians Energy Microorganisms Stocks Diet Nutrients (mineral) Nitrogen Resources Rosemond, Amy D oth Maerz, John C oth Benstead, Jonathan P oth Enthalten in Freshwater biology Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 62(2017), 10, Seite 1794-1805 (DE-627)129295906 (DE-600)121180-8 (DE-576)014489139 0046-5070 nnns volume:62 year:2017 number:10 pages:1794-1805 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12992 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fwb.12992/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1937301980 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 42.00 AVZ AR 62 2017 10 1794-1805
allfieldsGer	10.1111/fwb.12992 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997301652 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997301652 (PRQ)p1332-4b5a7fe7feb4ad6e6fee7537b28880181982bfd531014908f965f381e2b02b4e0 (KEY)0056936420170000062001001794experimentalnutrientenrichmentofforeststreamsincre DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.00 bkl Bumpers, Phillip M verfasserin aut Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Desmognathus quadramaculatus salamanders nutrients Eurycea wilderae food webs Inland waters Nutrient enrichment Ecosystems Food Abundance Phosphorus Forests Nutrients Predators Larval development Streams Growth Lakes Heterotrophic microorganisms Detritus feeders Nutrient flow Body size Detritivores Biofilms Enrichment Detritus Species Prey Composition Food webs Algae Composition effects Size Diets Autotrophic microorganisms Pathways Ratios Biomass Tracking Amphibia Energy flow Reptiles & amphibians Energy Microorganisms Stocks Diet Nutrients (mineral) Nitrogen Resources Rosemond, Amy D oth Maerz, John C oth Benstead, Jonathan P oth Enthalten in Freshwater biology Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 62(2017), 10, Seite 1794-1805 (DE-627)129295906 (DE-600)121180-8 (DE-576)014489139 0046-5070 nnns volume:62 year:2017 number:10 pages:1794-1805 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12992 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fwb.12992/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1937301980 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 42.00 AVZ AR 62 2017 10 1794-1805
allfieldsSound	10.1111/fwb.12992 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1997301652 (DE-599)GBVOLC1997301652 (PRQ)p1332-4b5a7fe7feb4ad6e6fee7537b28880181982bfd531014908f965f381e2b02b4e0 (KEY)0056936420170000062001001794experimentalnutrientenrichmentofforeststreamsincre DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.00 bkl Bumpers, Phillip M verfasserin aut Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Desmognathus quadramaculatus salamanders nutrients Eurycea wilderae food webs Inland waters Nutrient enrichment Ecosystems Food Abundance Phosphorus Forests Nutrients Predators Larval development Streams Growth Lakes Heterotrophic microorganisms Detritus feeders Nutrient flow Body size Detritivores Biofilms Enrichment Detritus Species Prey Composition Food webs Algae Composition effects Size Diets Autotrophic microorganisms Pathways Ratios Biomass Tracking Amphibia Energy flow Reptiles & amphibians Energy Microorganisms Stocks Diet Nutrients (mineral) Nitrogen Resources Rosemond, Amy D oth Maerz, John C oth Benstead, Jonathan P oth Enthalten in Freshwater biology Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 62(2017), 10, Seite 1794-1805 (DE-627)129295906 (DE-600)121180-8 (DE-576)014489139 0046-5070 nnns volume:62 year:2017 number:10 pages:1794-1805 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12992 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fwb.12992/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1937301980 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 42.00 AVZ AR 62 2017 10 1794-1805
language	English
source	Enthalten in Freshwater biology 62(2017), 10, Seite 1794-1805 volume:62 year:2017 number:10 pages:1794-1805
sourceStr	Enthalten in Freshwater biology 62(2017), 10, Seite 1794-1805 volume:62 year:2017 number:10 pages:1794-1805
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topic_facet	Desmognathus quadramaculatus salamanders nutrients Eurycea wilderae food webs Inland waters Nutrient enrichment Ecosystems Food Abundance Phosphorus Forests Nutrients Predators Larval development Streams Growth Lakes Heterotrophic microorganisms Detritus feeders Nutrient flow Body size Detritivores Biofilms Enrichment Detritus Species Prey Composition Food webs Algae Composition effects Size Diets Autotrophic microorganisms Pathways Ratios Biomass Tracking Amphibia Energy flow Reptiles & amphibians Energy Microorganisms Stocks Diet Nutrients (mineral) Nitrogen Resources
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container_title	Freshwater biology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Bumpers, Phillip M @@aut@@ Rosemond, Amy D @@oth@@ Maerz, John C @@oth@@ Benstead, Jonathan P @@oth@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
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author	Bumpers, Phillip M
spellingShingle	Bumpers, Phillip M ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 42.00 misc Desmognathus quadramaculatus misc salamanders misc nutrients misc Eurycea wilderae misc food webs misc Inland waters misc Nutrient enrichment misc Ecosystems misc Food misc Abundance misc Phosphorus misc Forests misc Nutrients misc Predators misc Larval development misc Streams misc Growth misc Lakes misc Heterotrophic microorganisms misc Detritus feeders misc Nutrient flow misc Body size misc Detritivores misc Biofilms misc Enrichment misc Detritus misc Species misc Prey misc Composition misc Food webs misc Algae misc Composition effects misc Size misc Diets misc Autotrophic microorganisms misc Pathways misc Ratios misc Biomass misc Tracking misc Amphibia misc Energy flow misc Reptiles & amphibians misc Energy misc Microorganisms misc Stocks misc Diet misc Nutrients (mineral) misc Nitrogen misc Resources Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways
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topic_title	570 DNB BIODIV fid 42.00 bkl Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways Desmognathus quadramaculatus salamanders nutrients Eurycea wilderae food webs Inland waters Nutrient enrichment Ecosystems Food Abundance Phosphorus Forests Nutrients Predators Larval development Streams Growth Lakes Heterotrophic microorganisms Detritus feeders Nutrient flow Body size Detritivores Biofilms Enrichment Detritus Species Prey Composition Food webs Algae Composition effects Size Diets Autotrophic microorganisms Pathways Ratios Biomass Tracking Amphibia Energy flow Reptiles & amphibians Energy Microorganisms Stocks Diet Nutrients (mineral) Nitrogen Resources
topic	ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 42.00 misc Desmognathus quadramaculatus misc salamanders misc nutrients misc Eurycea wilderae misc food webs misc Inland waters misc Nutrient enrichment misc Ecosystems misc Food misc Abundance misc Phosphorus misc Forests misc Nutrients misc Predators misc Larval development misc Streams misc Growth misc Lakes misc Heterotrophic microorganisms misc Detritus feeders misc Nutrient flow misc Body size misc Detritivores misc Biofilms misc Enrichment misc Detritus misc Species misc Prey misc Composition misc Food webs misc Algae misc Composition effects misc Size misc Diets misc Autotrophic microorganisms misc Pathways misc Ratios misc Biomass misc Tracking misc Amphibia misc Energy flow misc Reptiles & amphibians misc Energy misc Microorganisms misc Stocks misc Diet misc Nutrients (mineral) misc Nitrogen misc Resources
topic_unstemmed	ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 42.00 misc Desmognathus quadramaculatus misc salamanders misc nutrients misc Eurycea wilderae misc food webs misc Inland waters misc Nutrient enrichment misc Ecosystems misc Food misc Abundance misc Phosphorus misc Forests misc Nutrients misc Predators misc Larval development misc Streams misc Growth misc Lakes misc Heterotrophic microorganisms misc Detritus feeders misc Nutrient flow misc Body size misc Detritivores misc Biofilms misc Enrichment misc Detritus misc Species misc Prey misc Composition misc Food webs misc Algae misc Composition effects misc Size misc Diets misc Autotrophic microorganisms misc Pathways misc Ratios misc Biomass misc Tracking misc Amphibia misc Energy flow misc Reptiles & amphibians misc Energy misc Microorganisms misc Stocks misc Diet misc Nutrients (mineral) misc Nitrogen misc Resources
topic_browse	ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 42.00 misc Desmognathus quadramaculatus misc salamanders misc nutrients misc Eurycea wilderae misc food webs misc Inland waters misc Nutrient enrichment misc Ecosystems misc Food misc Abundance misc Phosphorus misc Forests misc Nutrients misc Predators misc Larval development misc Streams misc Growth misc Lakes misc Heterotrophic microorganisms misc Detritus feeders misc Nutrient flow misc Body size misc Detritivores misc Biofilms misc Enrichment misc Detritus misc Species misc Prey misc Composition misc Food webs misc Algae misc Composition effects misc Size misc Diets misc Autotrophic microorganisms misc Pathways misc Ratios misc Biomass misc Tracking misc Amphibia misc Energy flow misc Reptiles & amphibians misc Energy misc Microorganisms misc Stocks misc Diet misc Nutrients (mineral) misc Nitrogen misc Resources
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title	Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways
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title_full	Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways
author_sort	Bumpers, Phillip M
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title_sort	experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways
title_auth	Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways
abstract	Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function.
abstractGer	Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function.
abstract_unstemmed	Nutrient enrichment is a key stressor of lakes and streams globally, affecting the relative availability of important basal resources such as algae and detritus. These effects are controlled by responses of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that subsequently affect primary consumers and higher level predators. Despite the potential for propagation of these bottom‐up effects, few studies have examined how nutrients affect “green” (autotrophic) versus “brown” (heterotrophic) energy pathways to predators via changes in the quantity or type of prey consumed. We studied the pathways by which nutrient enrichment affected two predatory salamander species ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus and Eurycea wilderae ) using detailed diet analyses before and during 2‐year nutrient additions to five headwater forest streams. The streams were continuously enriched with different concentrations of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), creating relatively greater N or P concentrations and distinct N:P ratios (2:1, 8:1, 16:1, 32:1 and 128:1) in each stream. Nutrient addition resulted in greater prey number, size and biomass consumed by D. quadramaculatus , an effect driven more by P than by N additions. Some of these effects were greater in the second year of enrichment and were greater for larger individuals. Shifts in the prey composition of D. quadramaculatus included increases in algivores and decreases in detritivores, tracking observed treatment effects on basal resource quantity (e.g. algivore abundance in guts was related to algal biomass, which increased with enrichment, and detritivore abundance in guts was related to detrital standing stocks, which declined with enrichment). For E. wilderae diets, there was limited evidence for increased prey size and number, or for alteration of prey composition with enrichment despite evidence of increased larval growth. We hypothesise that body size differences between the two salamander species partially explain their different dietary responses to enrichment. Our results show that nutrient addition, primarily of P, affected the quantity and composition of predator diets in our nutrient‐poor streams. These effects on diet were consistent with concurrent studies showing that P enrichment resulted in faster growth of salamanders and occurred partly via effects on algal biofilm or “green” food‐web pathways, despite the dominance of detrital or “brown” resources in our heavily shaded forest stream sites. Thus, nutrient enrichment can promote algae‐ versus detritus‐based energy‐flow pathways in nominally light‐limited stream ecosystems, with associated changes in food‐web characteristics and function.
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title_short	Experimental nutrient enrichment of forest streams increases energy flow to predators along greener food‐web pathways
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12992 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fwb.12992/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1937301980
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