Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain
Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both C...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Zhou, Zijun [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Land degradation & development - Chichester, Sussex : Wiley, 1996, 28(2017), 8, Seite 2370-2379 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:28 ; year:2017 ; number:8 ; pages:2370-2379 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1002/ldr.2767 |
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| 520 | |a Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | ||
| 540 | |a Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a crop yield | |
| 650 | 4 | |a soil water‐stable aggregate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a economic benefit | |
| 650 | 4 | |a soil microbial community | |
| 650 | 4 | |a controlled‐release urea | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil environment | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agricultural production | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil stability | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Urea | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Crops | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil microorganisms | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Economics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Corn | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nutrient release | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Maize | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil improvement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a World population | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Moisture content | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bacteria | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food supply | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Leaching | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Crop yield | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental impact | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Impact analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Microbial activity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Blending | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agricultural economics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Controlled release | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aggregates | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil water | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Crop production | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Community composition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Communities | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Microorganisms | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Weight reduction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wheat | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nitrogen | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shen, Yazhen |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Du, Changwen |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhou, Jianmin |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Qin, Yusheng |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wu, Yuejin |4 oth | |
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10.1002/ldr.2767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1998061973 (DE-599)GBVOLC1998061973 (PRQ)p1317-70fd036b7c19669e81ae5f7e85d569d5b4e78f1462d60f2218171d8a02ef7fe73 (KEY)0175141720170000028000802370economicandsoilenvironmentalbenefitsofusingcontrol DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 ZDB Zhou, Zijun verfasserin aut Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. crop yield soil water‐stable aggregate economic benefit soil microbial community controlled‐release urea Soil environment Agricultural production Soil stability Urea Crops Soil microorganisms Economics Corn Nutrient release Maize Soil improvement World population Moisture content Bacteria Food supply Leaching Crop yield Environmental impact Impact analysis Microbial activity Blending Agricultural economics Controlled release Aggregates Soil water Crop production Community composition Communities Microorganisms Weight reduction Wheat Nitrogen Shen, Yazhen oth Du, Changwen oth Zhou, Jianmin oth Qin, Yusheng oth Wu, Yuejin oth Enthalten in Land degradation & development Chichester, Sussex : Wiley, 1996 28(2017), 8, Seite 2370-2379 (DE-627)211582530 (DE-600)1319202-4 (DE-576)9211582539 1085-3278 nnns volume:28 year:2017 number:8 pages:2370-2379 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.2767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1960985072 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO AR 28 2017 8 2370-2379 |
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10.1002/ldr.2767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1998061973 (DE-599)GBVOLC1998061973 (PRQ)p1317-70fd036b7c19669e81ae5f7e85d569d5b4e78f1462d60f2218171d8a02ef7fe73 (KEY)0175141720170000028000802370economicandsoilenvironmentalbenefitsofusingcontrol DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 ZDB Zhou, Zijun verfasserin aut Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. crop yield soil water‐stable aggregate economic benefit soil microbial community controlled‐release urea Soil environment Agricultural production Soil stability Urea Crops Soil microorganisms Economics Corn Nutrient release Maize Soil improvement World population Moisture content Bacteria Food supply Leaching Crop yield Environmental impact Impact analysis Microbial activity Blending Agricultural economics Controlled release Aggregates Soil water Crop production Community composition Communities Microorganisms Weight reduction Wheat Nitrogen Shen, Yazhen oth Du, Changwen oth Zhou, Jianmin oth Qin, Yusheng oth Wu, Yuejin oth Enthalten in Land degradation & development Chichester, Sussex : Wiley, 1996 28(2017), 8, Seite 2370-2379 (DE-627)211582530 (DE-600)1319202-4 (DE-576)9211582539 1085-3278 nnns volume:28 year:2017 number:8 pages:2370-2379 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.2767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1960985072 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO AR 28 2017 8 2370-2379 |
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10.1002/ldr.2767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1998061973 (DE-599)GBVOLC1998061973 (PRQ)p1317-70fd036b7c19669e81ae5f7e85d569d5b4e78f1462d60f2218171d8a02ef7fe73 (KEY)0175141720170000028000802370economicandsoilenvironmentalbenefitsofusingcontrol DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 ZDB Zhou, Zijun verfasserin aut Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. crop yield soil water‐stable aggregate economic benefit soil microbial community controlled‐release urea Soil environment Agricultural production Soil stability Urea Crops Soil microorganisms Economics Corn Nutrient release Maize Soil improvement World population Moisture content Bacteria Food supply Leaching Crop yield Environmental impact Impact analysis Microbial activity Blending Agricultural economics Controlled release Aggregates Soil water Crop production Community composition Communities Microorganisms Weight reduction Wheat Nitrogen Shen, Yazhen oth Du, Changwen oth Zhou, Jianmin oth Qin, Yusheng oth Wu, Yuejin oth Enthalten in Land degradation & development Chichester, Sussex : Wiley, 1996 28(2017), 8, Seite 2370-2379 (DE-627)211582530 (DE-600)1319202-4 (DE-576)9211582539 1085-3278 nnns volume:28 year:2017 number:8 pages:2370-2379 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.2767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1960985072 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO AR 28 2017 8 2370-2379 |
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10.1002/ldr.2767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1998061973 (DE-599)GBVOLC1998061973 (PRQ)p1317-70fd036b7c19669e81ae5f7e85d569d5b4e78f1462d60f2218171d8a02ef7fe73 (KEY)0175141720170000028000802370economicandsoilenvironmentalbenefitsofusingcontrol DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 ZDB Zhou, Zijun verfasserin aut Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. crop yield soil water‐stable aggregate economic benefit soil microbial community controlled‐release urea Soil environment Agricultural production Soil stability Urea Crops Soil microorganisms Economics Corn Nutrient release Maize Soil improvement World population Moisture content Bacteria Food supply Leaching Crop yield Environmental impact Impact analysis Microbial activity Blending Agricultural economics Controlled release Aggregates Soil water Crop production Community composition Communities Microorganisms Weight reduction Wheat Nitrogen Shen, Yazhen oth Du, Changwen oth Zhou, Jianmin oth Qin, Yusheng oth Wu, Yuejin oth Enthalten in Land degradation & development Chichester, Sussex : Wiley, 1996 28(2017), 8, Seite 2370-2379 (DE-627)211582530 (DE-600)1319202-4 (DE-576)9211582539 1085-3278 nnns volume:28 year:2017 number:8 pages:2370-2379 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.2767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1960985072 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO AR 28 2017 8 2370-2379 |
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10.1002/ldr.2767 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1998061973 (DE-599)GBVOLC1998061973 (PRQ)p1317-70fd036b7c19669e81ae5f7e85d569d5b4e78f1462d60f2218171d8a02ef7fe73 (KEY)0175141720170000028000802370economicandsoilenvironmentalbenefitsofusingcontrol DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 ZDB Zhou, Zijun verfasserin aut Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. crop yield soil water‐stable aggregate economic benefit soil microbial community controlled‐release urea Soil environment Agricultural production Soil stability Urea Crops Soil microorganisms Economics Corn Nutrient release Maize Soil improvement World population Moisture content Bacteria Food supply Leaching Crop yield Environmental impact Impact analysis Microbial activity Blending Agricultural economics Controlled release Aggregates Soil water Crop production Community composition Communities Microorganisms Weight reduction Wheat Nitrogen Shen, Yazhen oth Du, Changwen oth Zhou, Jianmin oth Qin, Yusheng oth Wu, Yuejin oth Enthalten in Land degradation & development Chichester, Sussex : Wiley, 1996 28(2017), 8, Seite 2370-2379 (DE-627)211582530 (DE-600)1319202-4 (DE-576)9211582539 1085-3278 nnns volume:28 year:2017 number:8 pages:2370-2379 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2767 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ldr.2767/abstract https://search.proquest.com/docview/1960985072 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO AR 28 2017 8 2370-2379 |
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Zhou, Zijun ddc 630 misc crop yield misc soil water‐stable aggregate misc economic benefit misc soil microbial community misc controlled‐release urea misc Soil environment misc Agricultural production misc Soil stability misc Urea misc Crops misc Soil microorganisms misc Economics misc Corn misc Nutrient release misc Maize misc Soil improvement misc World population misc Moisture content misc Bacteria misc Food supply misc Leaching misc Crop yield misc Environmental impact misc Impact analysis misc Microbial activity misc Blending misc Agricultural economics misc Controlled release misc Aggregates misc Soil water misc Crop production misc Community composition misc Communities misc Microorganisms misc Weight reduction misc Wheat misc Nitrogen Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain |
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630 ZDB Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain crop yield soil water‐stable aggregate economic benefit soil microbial community controlled‐release urea Soil environment Agricultural production Soil stability Urea Crops Soil microorganisms Economics Corn Nutrient release Maize Soil improvement World population Moisture content Bacteria Food supply Leaching Crop yield Environmental impact Impact analysis Microbial activity Blending Agricultural economics Controlled release Aggregates Soil water Crop production Community composition Communities Microorganisms Weight reduction Wheat Nitrogen |
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economic and soil environmental benefits of using controlled‐release bulk blending urea in the north china plain |
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Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain |
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Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize ( Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain |
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Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. 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