Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds

Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively exa...
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Autor*in:	Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh [verfasserIn] London, Sarah E

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	Activation Neurodevelopmental disorders Songbirds Males Animal models Plasticity (synaptic) Disorders Memory Plasticity (behavioral) Music Genotype & phenotype TOR protein Rapamycin Coding Learning Song Neural networks Brain Copying Studies Children Vocalization behavior Birds Females Autism Bidirectional

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Washington, DC : NAS, 1877, 114(2017), 35, Seite 9463
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:114 ; year:2017 ; number:35 ; pages:9463

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1073/pnas.1701829114

Katalog-ID:	OLC199853555X

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520			\|a Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development.
650		4	\|a Activation
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650		4	\|a Songbirds
650		4	\|a Males
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650		4	\|a Plasticity (synaptic)
650		4	\|a Disorders
650		4	\|a Memory
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650		4	\|a Music
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650		4	\|a TOR protein
650		4	\|a Rapamycin
650		4	\|a Coding
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650		4	\|a Song
650		4	\|a Neural networks
650		4	\|a Brain
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650		4	\|a Children
650		4	\|a Vocalization behavior
650		4	\|a Birds
650		4	\|a Females
650		4	\|a Autism
650		4	\|a Bidirectional
700	1		\|a London, Sarah E \|4 oth
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allfields	10.1073/pnas.1701829114 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199853555X (DE-599)GBVOLC199853555X (PRQ)g1164-c8259b13d4f94e3ab1b666adb5e1cd17038a7f11b9c399e262c375945d6ab8920 (KEY)0583363920170000114003509463bidirectionalmanipulationofmtorsignalingdisruptsso DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh verfasserin aut Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development. Activation Neurodevelopmental disorders Songbirds Males Animal models Plasticity (synaptic) Disorders Memory Plasticity (behavioral) Music Genotype & phenotype TOR protein Rapamycin Coding Learning Song Neural networks Brain Copying Studies Children Vocalization behavior Birds Females Autism Bidirectional London, Sarah E oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 35, Seite 9463 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:35 pages:9463 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701829114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1946419482 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 35 9463
spelling	10.1073/pnas.1701829114 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199853555X (DE-599)GBVOLC199853555X (PRQ)g1164-c8259b13d4f94e3ab1b666adb5e1cd17038a7f11b9c399e262c375945d6ab8920 (KEY)0583363920170000114003509463bidirectionalmanipulationofmtorsignalingdisruptsso DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh verfasserin aut Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development. Activation Neurodevelopmental disorders Songbirds Males Animal models Plasticity (synaptic) Disorders Memory Plasticity (behavioral) Music Genotype & phenotype TOR protein Rapamycin Coding Learning Song Neural networks Brain Copying Studies Children Vocalization behavior Birds Females Autism Bidirectional London, Sarah E oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 35, Seite 9463 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:35 pages:9463 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701829114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1946419482 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 35 9463
allfields_unstemmed	10.1073/pnas.1701829114 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199853555X (DE-599)GBVOLC199853555X (PRQ)g1164-c8259b13d4f94e3ab1b666adb5e1cd17038a7f11b9c399e262c375945d6ab8920 (KEY)0583363920170000114003509463bidirectionalmanipulationofmtorsignalingdisruptsso DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh verfasserin aut Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development. Activation Neurodevelopmental disorders Songbirds Males Animal models Plasticity (synaptic) Disorders Memory Plasticity (behavioral) Music Genotype & phenotype TOR protein Rapamycin Coding Learning Song Neural networks Brain Copying Studies Children Vocalization behavior Birds Females Autism Bidirectional London, Sarah E oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 35, Seite 9463 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:35 pages:9463 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701829114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1946419482 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 35 9463
allfieldsGer	10.1073/pnas.1701829114 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199853555X (DE-599)GBVOLC199853555X (PRQ)g1164-c8259b13d4f94e3ab1b666adb5e1cd17038a7f11b9c399e262c375945d6ab8920 (KEY)0583363920170000114003509463bidirectionalmanipulationofmtorsignalingdisruptsso DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh verfasserin aut Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development. Activation Neurodevelopmental disorders Songbirds Males Animal models Plasticity (synaptic) Disorders Memory Plasticity (behavioral) Music Genotype & phenotype TOR protein Rapamycin Coding Learning Song Neural networks Brain Copying Studies Children Vocalization behavior Birds Females Autism Bidirectional London, Sarah E oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 35, Seite 9463 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:35 pages:9463 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701829114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1946419482 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 35 9463
allfieldsSound	10.1073/pnas.1701829114 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC199853555X (DE-599)GBVOLC199853555X (PRQ)g1164-c8259b13d4f94e3ab1b666adb5e1cd17038a7f11b9c399e262c375945d6ab8920 (KEY)0583363920170000114003509463bidirectionalmanipulationofmtorsignalingdisruptsso DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh verfasserin aut Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development. Activation Neurodevelopmental disorders Songbirds Males Animal models Plasticity (synaptic) Disorders Memory Plasticity (behavioral) Music Genotype & phenotype TOR protein Rapamycin Coding Learning Song Neural networks Brain Copying Studies Children Vocalization behavior Birds Females Autism Bidirectional London, Sarah E oth Enthalten in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Washington, DC : NAS, 1877 114(2017), 35, Seite 9463 (DE-627)129505269 (DE-600)209104-5 (DE-576)014909189 0027-8424 nnns volume:114 year:2017 number:35 pages:9463 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701829114 Volltext https://search.proquest.com/docview/1946419482 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-LING FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-MAT SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_59 AR 114 2017 35 9463
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topic_facet	Activation Neurodevelopmental disorders Songbirds Males Animal models Plasticity (synaptic) Disorders Memory Plasticity (behavioral) Music Genotype & phenotype TOR protein Rapamycin Coding Learning Song Neural networks Brain Copying Studies Children Vocalization behavior Birds Females Autism Bidirectional
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author	Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh
spellingShingle	Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh ddc 500 ddc 570 fid LING fid BIODIV misc Activation misc Neurodevelopmental disorders misc Songbirds misc Males misc Animal models misc Plasticity (synaptic) misc Disorders misc Memory misc Plasticity (behavioral) misc Music misc Genotype & phenotype misc TOR protein misc Rapamycin misc Coding misc Learning misc Song misc Neural networks misc Brain misc Copying misc Studies misc Children misc Vocalization behavior misc Birds misc Females misc Autism misc Bidirectional Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds
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topic_title	500 DE-101 570 AVZ LING fid BIODIV fid Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds Activation Neurodevelopmental disorders Songbirds Males Animal models Plasticity (synaptic) Disorders Memory Plasticity (behavioral) Music Genotype & phenotype TOR protein Rapamycin Coding Learning Song Neural networks Brain Copying Studies Children Vocalization behavior Birds Females Autism Bidirectional
topic	ddc 500 ddc 570 fid LING fid BIODIV misc Activation misc Neurodevelopmental disorders misc Songbirds misc Males misc Animal models misc Plasticity (synaptic) misc Disorders misc Memory misc Plasticity (behavioral) misc Music misc Genotype & phenotype misc TOR protein misc Rapamycin misc Coding misc Learning misc Song misc Neural networks misc Brain misc Copying misc Studies misc Children misc Vocalization behavior misc Birds misc Females misc Autism misc Bidirectional
topic_unstemmed	ddc 500 ddc 570 fid LING fid BIODIV misc Activation misc Neurodevelopmental disorders misc Songbirds misc Males misc Animal models misc Plasticity (synaptic) misc Disorders misc Memory misc Plasticity (behavioral) misc Music misc Genotype & phenotype misc TOR protein misc Rapamycin misc Coding misc Learning misc Song misc Neural networks misc Brain misc Copying misc Studies misc Children misc Vocalization behavior misc Birds misc Females misc Autism misc Bidirectional
topic_browse	ddc 500 ddc 570 fid LING fid BIODIV misc Activation misc Neurodevelopmental disorders misc Songbirds misc Males misc Animal models misc Plasticity (synaptic) misc Disorders misc Memory misc Plasticity (behavioral) misc Music misc Genotype & phenotype misc TOR protein misc Rapamycin misc Coding misc Learning misc Song misc Neural networks misc Brain misc Copying misc Studies misc Children misc Vocalization behavior misc Birds misc Females misc Autism misc Bidirectional
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title	Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds
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title_full	Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds
author_sort	Ahmadiantehrani, Somayeh
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title_sort	bidirectional manipulation of mtor signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds
title_auth	Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds
abstract	Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development.
abstractGer	Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development.
abstract_unstemmed	Early life experiences can have long-lasting behavioral consequences because they are encoded when the brain is most malleable. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade modulates experience-dependent synaptic plasticity, among other processes. mTOR has been almost exclusively examined in adult rodent learning models, but may be especially important in organizing neural circuits required for developmental acquisition of meaningful complex behaviors. It is among the most commonly implicated factors in neurodevelopmental autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized, in part, by distinct social and communication phenotypes. Here, we investigated mTOR in juvenile zebra finch songbirds. Much as children learn language, young male zebra finches need to interact socially with an adult tutor to learn a meaningful song. The memory of the tutor's song structure guides the juvenile's own song, which it uses to communicate for the rest of its life. We hypothesized that mTOR is required for juveniles to learn song. To this end, we first discovered that hearing song activates mTOR signaling in a brain area required for tutor song memorization in males old enough to copy song but not in younger males or females, who cannot sing. We then showed that both inhibition and constitutive activation of mTOR during tutor experiences significantly diminished tutor song copying. Finally, we found that constitutive mTOR activation lowered a behavioral measure of the juvenile's social engagement during tutor experiences, mirroring the relationship in humans. These studies therefore advance understanding about the effects of experience in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and typical neural development.
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container_issue	35
title_short	Bidirectional manipulation of mTOR signaling disrupts socially mediated vocal learning in juvenile songbirds
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701829114 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1946419482
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up_date	2024-07-04T05:11:38.099Z
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