Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions
Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
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| Autor*in: |
Yan, Dafeng [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Systematik: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Advanced materials - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verl., 1988, 29(2017), 48 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:29 ; year:2017 ; number:48 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1002/adma.201606459 |
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| 520 | |a Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a oxygen reduction | |
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10.1002/adma.201606459 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1999456335 (DE-599)GBVOLC1999456335 (PRQ)p799-425cf18a1736169c8d1d98ebe509fbccdb144b7011f99b960d8b842e8fb92b3c3 (KEY)0178503620170000029004800000defectchemistryofnonpreciousmetalelectrocatalystsf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 540 DE-101 540 AVZ UA 1538 AVZ rvk Yan, Dafeng verfasserin aut Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim oxygen reduction oxygen evolution defects electrocatalysts Li, Yunxiao oth Huo, Jia oth Chen, Ru oth Dai, Liming oth Wang, Shuangyin oth Enthalten in Advanced materials Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verl., 1988 29(2017), 48 (DE-627)130815152 (DE-600)1012489-5 (DE-576)023057149 0935-9648 nnns volume:29 year:2017 number:48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606459 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201606459/abstract GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_4306 UA 1538 AR 29 2017 48 |
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10.1002/adma.201606459 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1999456335 (DE-599)GBVOLC1999456335 (PRQ)p799-425cf18a1736169c8d1d98ebe509fbccdb144b7011f99b960d8b842e8fb92b3c3 (KEY)0178503620170000029004800000defectchemistryofnonpreciousmetalelectrocatalystsf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 540 DE-101 540 AVZ UA 1538 AVZ rvk Yan, Dafeng verfasserin aut Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim oxygen reduction oxygen evolution defects electrocatalysts Li, Yunxiao oth Huo, Jia oth Chen, Ru oth Dai, Liming oth Wang, Shuangyin oth Enthalten in Advanced materials Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verl., 1988 29(2017), 48 (DE-627)130815152 (DE-600)1012489-5 (DE-576)023057149 0935-9648 nnns volume:29 year:2017 number:48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606459 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201606459/abstract GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_4306 UA 1538 AR 29 2017 48 |
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10.1002/adma.201606459 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1999456335 (DE-599)GBVOLC1999456335 (PRQ)p799-425cf18a1736169c8d1d98ebe509fbccdb144b7011f99b960d8b842e8fb92b3c3 (KEY)0178503620170000029004800000defectchemistryofnonpreciousmetalelectrocatalystsf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 540 DE-101 540 AVZ UA 1538 AVZ rvk Yan, Dafeng verfasserin aut Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim oxygen reduction oxygen evolution defects electrocatalysts Li, Yunxiao oth Huo, Jia oth Chen, Ru oth Dai, Liming oth Wang, Shuangyin oth Enthalten in Advanced materials Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verl., 1988 29(2017), 48 (DE-627)130815152 (DE-600)1012489-5 (DE-576)023057149 0935-9648 nnns volume:29 year:2017 number:48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606459 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201606459/abstract GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_4306 UA 1538 AR 29 2017 48 |
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10.1002/adma.201606459 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1999456335 (DE-599)GBVOLC1999456335 (PRQ)p799-425cf18a1736169c8d1d98ebe509fbccdb144b7011f99b960d8b842e8fb92b3c3 (KEY)0178503620170000029004800000defectchemistryofnonpreciousmetalelectrocatalystsf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 540 DE-101 540 AVZ UA 1538 AVZ rvk Yan, Dafeng verfasserin aut Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim oxygen reduction oxygen evolution defects electrocatalysts Li, Yunxiao oth Huo, Jia oth Chen, Ru oth Dai, Liming oth Wang, Shuangyin oth Enthalten in Advanced materials Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verl., 1988 29(2017), 48 (DE-627)130815152 (DE-600)1012489-5 (DE-576)023057149 0935-9648 nnns volume:29 year:2017 number:48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606459 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201606459/abstract GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_4306 UA 1538 AR 29 2017 48 |
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10.1002/adma.201606459 doi PQ20171228 (DE-627)OLC1999456335 (DE-599)GBVOLC1999456335 (PRQ)p799-425cf18a1736169c8d1d98ebe509fbccdb144b7011f99b960d8b842e8fb92b3c3 (KEY)0178503620170000029004800000defectchemistryofnonpreciousmetalelectrocatalystsf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 540 DE-101 540 AVZ UA 1538 AVZ rvk Yan, Dafeng verfasserin aut Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. Nutzungsrecht: © 2017 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim oxygen reduction oxygen evolution defects electrocatalysts Li, Yunxiao oth Huo, Jia oth Chen, Ru oth Dai, Liming oth Wang, Shuangyin oth Enthalten in Advanced materials Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verl., 1988 29(2017), 48 (DE-627)130815152 (DE-600)1012489-5 (DE-576)023057149 0935-9648 nnns volume:29 year:2017 number:48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606459 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201606459/abstract GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_4306 UA 1538 AR 29 2017 48 |
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Yan, Dafeng @@aut@@ Li, Yunxiao @@oth@@ Huo, Jia @@oth@@ Chen, Ru @@oth@@ Dai, Liming @@oth@@ Wang, Shuangyin @@oth@@ |
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defect chemistry of nonprecious‐metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions |
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Defect Chemistry of Nonprecious‐Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions |
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Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. |
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Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Oxygen electrocatalysis, including the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER), is a critical process for metal–air batteries. Therefore, the development of electrocatalysts for the OER and the ORR is of essential importance. Indeed, various advanced electrocatalysts have been designed for the ORR or the OER; however, the origin of the advanced activity of oxygen electrocatalysts is still somewhat controversial. The enhanced activity is usually attributed to the high surface areas, the unique facet structures, the enhanced conductivities, or even to unclear synergistic effects, but the importance of the defects, especially the intrinsic defects, is often neglected. More recently, the important role of defects in oxygen electrocatalysis has been demonstrated by several groups. To make the defect effect clearer, the recent development of this concept is reviewed here and a novel principle for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed. An overview of the defects in carbon‐based, metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR and various defects in metal oxides/selenides for OER is also provided. The types of defects and controllable strategies to generate defects in electrocatalysts are presented, along with techniques to identify the defects. The defect–activity relationship is also explored by theoretical methods. Defects in carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) and various defects in metal oxide/selenide for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) are reviewed. The existence of defects has a great effect on the properties of catalysts; for example, the charge distribution and the conductibility. The strategies to generate defects, the defect–activity relationship, and the techniques to identify defects are discussed. |
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