Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage
Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, pla...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Zhao, Yong-Jun [verfasserIn] |
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Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
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2012 |
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Anmerkung: |
© Springer-Verlag 2012 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Environmental science and pollution research - Springer-Verlag, 1994, 19(2012), 9 vom: 15. Apr., Seite 4049-4059 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:19 ; year:2012 ; number:9 ; day:15 ; month:04 ; pages:4049-4059 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 |
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Katalog-ID: |
OLC2040414096 |
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520 | |a Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. | ||
650 | 4 | |a Various influent pollution loads | |
650 | 4 | |a COD removal | |
650 | 4 | |a Nitrogen removal | |
650 | 4 | |a Phosphorus removal | |
650 | 4 | |a TOC removal | |
650 | 4 | |a Seasonal variation | |
700 | 1 | |a Yan, Cheng |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Li, Yin-Liang |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Li, Ji-Hua |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Yang, Mo |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Nie, Er |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Zheng, Zheng |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Luo, Xing-Zhang |4 aut | |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Environmental science and pollution research |d Springer-Verlag, 1994 |g 19(2012), 9 vom: 15. Apr., Seite 4049-4059 |w (DE-627)171335805 |w (DE-600)1178791-0 |w (DE-576)038875101 |x 0944-1344 |7 nnns |
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10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2040414096 (DE-He213)s11356-012-0871-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Zhao, Yong-Jun verfasserin aut Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage 2012 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2012 Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. Various influent pollution loads COD removal Nitrogen removal Phosphorus removal TOC removal Seasonal variation Yan, Cheng aut Li, Yin-Liang aut Li, Ji-Hua aut Yang, Mo aut Nie, Er aut Zheng, Zheng aut Luo, Xing-Zhang aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer-Verlag, 1994 19(2012), 9 vom: 15. Apr., Seite 4049-4059 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:19 year:2012 number:9 day:15 month:04 pages:4049-4059 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_183 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 AR 19 2012 9 15 04 4049-4059 |
spelling |
10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2040414096 (DE-He213)s11356-012-0871-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Zhao, Yong-Jun verfasserin aut Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage 2012 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2012 Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. Various influent pollution loads COD removal Nitrogen removal Phosphorus removal TOC removal Seasonal variation Yan, Cheng aut Li, Yin-Liang aut Li, Ji-Hua aut Yang, Mo aut Nie, Er aut Zheng, Zheng aut Luo, Xing-Zhang aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer-Verlag, 1994 19(2012), 9 vom: 15. Apr., Seite 4049-4059 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:19 year:2012 number:9 day:15 month:04 pages:4049-4059 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_183 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 AR 19 2012 9 15 04 4049-4059 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2040414096 (DE-He213)s11356-012-0871-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Zhao, Yong-Jun verfasserin aut Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage 2012 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2012 Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. Various influent pollution loads COD removal Nitrogen removal Phosphorus removal TOC removal Seasonal variation Yan, Cheng aut Li, Yin-Liang aut Li, Ji-Hua aut Yang, Mo aut Nie, Er aut Zheng, Zheng aut Luo, Xing-Zhang aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer-Verlag, 1994 19(2012), 9 vom: 15. Apr., Seite 4049-4059 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:19 year:2012 number:9 day:15 month:04 pages:4049-4059 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_183 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 AR 19 2012 9 15 04 4049-4059 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2040414096 (DE-He213)s11356-012-0871-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Zhao, Yong-Jun verfasserin aut Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage 2012 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2012 Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. Various influent pollution loads COD removal Nitrogen removal Phosphorus removal TOC removal Seasonal variation Yan, Cheng aut Li, Yin-Liang aut Li, Ji-Hua aut Yang, Mo aut Nie, Er aut Zheng, Zheng aut Luo, Xing-Zhang aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer-Verlag, 1994 19(2012), 9 vom: 15. Apr., Seite 4049-4059 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:19 year:2012 number:9 day:15 month:04 pages:4049-4059 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_183 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 AR 19 2012 9 15 04 4049-4059 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2040414096 (DE-He213)s11356-012-0871-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Zhao, Yong-Jun verfasserin aut Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage 2012 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2012 Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. Various influent pollution loads COD removal Nitrogen removal Phosphorus removal TOC removal Seasonal variation Yan, Cheng aut Li, Yin-Liang aut Li, Ji-Hua aut Yang, Mo aut Nie, Er aut Zheng, Zheng aut Luo, Xing-Zhang aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer-Verlag, 1994 19(2012), 9 vom: 15. Apr., Seite 4049-4059 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:19 year:2012 number:9 day:15 month:04 pages:4049-4059 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0871-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_183 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 AR 19 2012 9 15 04 4049-4059 |
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Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. 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Zhao, Yong-Jun ddc 570 ddc 690 fid BIODIV misc Various influent pollution loads misc COD removal misc Nitrogen removal misc Phosphorus removal misc TOC removal misc Seasonal variation Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage |
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effect of c/n ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage |
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Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage |
abstract |
Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. © Springer-Verlag 2012 |
abstractGer |
Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. © Springer-Verlag 2012 |
abstract_unstemmed |
Purpose The performances of filter systems that use earthworms and plants, combined with earthworm eco-filter (EE) systems in treating synthetic domestic sewage (SDS) with different C/N ratios, were investigated for a 9-month period. Methods The effects of the combination of filters, earthworms, plants, as well as the combination of earthworms and plants on SDS nutrient removal efficiency were separately investigated to select the optimum system for treating SDS. The results of the current study could be used to determine how treatment performance responds to different C/N ratios and to explain and predict the performance of an operating EE system. Results EE systems with earthworms and plants (EP groups) consistently performed better than the other types of systems (CK, E, and P; that is, without earthworms and without plants, with earthworms and without plants, and without earthworms and with plants, respectively) under all C/N ratios. The highest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were achieved under C/N ratios of 6:1, 6:1, 6:1, and 9:1, respectively. The optimum nutrient removal efficiency was achieved at C/N = 6, and the contribution order for nutrient removal was EP > P > E > CK. Conclusions Influent C/N ratios, the time of year, and the synergetic effects of earthworm behavior and microorganisms significantly affected nutrient removal efficiencies. Considering the removal of all nutrients, EE systems with plants and earthworms achieved optimum removal effects in July when the influent C/N ratio was controlled at 6. Appropriate control of carbon and nitrogen source concentrations permitted the achievement of optimal nutrient removal effects. © Springer-Verlag 2012 |
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Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage |
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