Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats

Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolite...
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Autor*in:	Guo, Xiaochun [verfasserIn] Chen, Liang Chen, Jun Xie, Ping Li, Shangchun He, Jun Li, Wei Fan, Huihui Yu, Dezhao Zeng, Cheng

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Schlagwörter:	Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys Detoxification GSH pathway Liver Rat

Anmerkung:	© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Environmental science and pollution research - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994, 22(2015), 23 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 19273-19284
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:22 ; year:2015 ; number:23 ; day:21 ; month:10 ; pages:19273-19284

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2

Katalog-ID:	OLC2040453768

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245	1	0	\|a Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats
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520			\|a Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria.
650		4	\|a Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys
650		4	\|a Detoxification
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700	1		\|a Chen, Liang \|4 aut
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700	1		\|a He, Jun \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Li, Wei \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Fan, Huihui \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Yu, Dezhao \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Zeng, Cheng \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2040453768 (DE-He213)s11356-015-5531-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Guo, Xiaochun verfasserin aut Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria. Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys Detoxification GSH pathway Liver Rat Chen, Liang aut Chen, Jun aut Xie, Ping aut Li, Shangchun aut He, Jun aut Li, Wei aut Fan, Huihui aut Yu, Dezhao aut Zeng, Cheng aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 22(2015), 23 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 19273-19284 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:22 year:2015 number:23 day:21 month:10 pages:19273-19284 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 22 2015 23 21 10 19273-19284
spelling	10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2040453768 (DE-He213)s11356-015-5531-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Guo, Xiaochun verfasserin aut Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria. Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys Detoxification GSH pathway Liver Rat Chen, Liang aut Chen, Jun aut Xie, Ping aut Li, Shangchun aut He, Jun aut Li, Wei aut Fan, Huihui aut Yu, Dezhao aut Zeng, Cheng aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 22(2015), 23 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 19273-19284 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:22 year:2015 number:23 day:21 month:10 pages:19273-19284 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 22 2015 23 21 10 19273-19284
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allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2040453768 (DE-He213)s11356-015-5531-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Guo, Xiaochun verfasserin aut Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria. Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys Detoxification GSH pathway Liver Rat Chen, Liang aut Chen, Jun aut Xie, Ping aut Li, Shangchun aut He, Jun aut Li, Wei aut Fan, Huihui aut Yu, Dezhao aut Zeng, Cheng aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 22(2015), 23 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 19273-19284 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:22 year:2015 number:23 day:21 month:10 pages:19273-19284 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 22 2015 23 21 10 19273-19284
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2040453768 (DE-He213)s11356-015-5531-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Guo, Xiaochun verfasserin aut Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria. Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys Detoxification GSH pathway Liver Rat Chen, Liang aut Chen, Jun aut Xie, Ping aut Li, Shangchun aut He, Jun aut Li, Wei aut Fan, Huihui aut Yu, Dezhao aut Zeng, Cheng aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 22(2015), 23 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 19273-19284 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:22 year:2015 number:23 day:21 month:10 pages:19273-19284 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4266 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 22 2015 23 21 10 19273-19284
language	English
source	Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research 22(2015), 23 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 19273-19284 volume:22 year:2015 number:23 day:21 month:10 pages:19273-19284
sourceStr	Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research 22(2015), 23 vom: 21. Okt., Seite 19273-19284 volume:22 year:2015 number:23 day:21 month:10 pages:19273-19284
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys Detoxification GSH pathway Liver Rat
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container_title	Environmental science and pollution research
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Guo, Xiaochun @@aut@@ Chen, Liang @@aut@@ Chen, Jun @@aut@@ Xie, Ping @@aut@@ Li, Shangchun @@aut@@ He, Jun @@aut@@ Li, Wei @@aut@@ Fan, Huihui @@aut@@ Yu, Dezhao @@aut@@ Zeng, Cheng @@aut@@
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However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. 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author	Guo, Xiaochun
spellingShingle	Guo, Xiaochun ddc 570 ddc 690 fid BIODIV misc Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys misc Detoxification misc GSH pathway misc Liver misc Rat Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats
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topic_title	570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys Detoxification GSH pathway Liver Rat
topic	ddc 570 ddc 690 fid BIODIV misc Microcystin-LR-GSH/Cys misc Detoxification misc GSH pathway misc Liver misc Rat
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title	Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats
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title_full	Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats
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title_sort	quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-lr through the glutathione (gsh) pathway in sd rats
title_auth	Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats
abstract	Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
abstractGer	Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 ($ LD_{50} $) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 $ LD_{50} $ group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
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title_short	Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats
url	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5531-2
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author2	Chen, Liang Chen, Jun Xie, Ping Li, Shangchun He, Jun Li, Wei Fan, Huihui Yu, Dezhao Zeng, Cheng
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