Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults

Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of...
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Autor*in:	Lee, Kyoung-Mu [verfasserIn] Kho, Younglim Kim, Pan-gyi Park, Seok-hwan Lee, Jin-Heon

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	Phthalate Urinary metabolite Biomonitoring Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey

Anmerkung:	© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Environmental science and pollution research - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994, 24(2017), 17 vom: 28. Apr., Seite 14669-14681
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:24 ; year:2017 ; number:17 ; day:28 ; month:04 ; pages:14669-14681

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4

Katalog-ID:	OLC2040491937

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520			\|a Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates.
650		4	\|a Phthalate
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700	1		\|a Kho, Younglim \|4 aut
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700	1		\|a Lee, Jin-Heon \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 doi (DE-627)OLC2040491937 (DE-He213)s11356-017-9068-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Lee, Kyoung-Mu verfasserin aut Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates. Phthalate Urinary metabolite Biomonitoring Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey Kho, Younglim aut Kim, Pan-gyi aut Park, Seok-hwan aut Lee, Jin-Heon aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 24(2017), 17 vom: 28. Apr., Seite 14669-14681 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:24 year:2017 number:17 day:28 month:04 pages:14669-14681 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 24 2017 17 28 04 14669-14681
spelling	10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 doi (DE-627)OLC2040491937 (DE-He213)s11356-017-9068-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Lee, Kyoung-Mu verfasserin aut Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates. Phthalate Urinary metabolite Biomonitoring Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey Kho, Younglim aut Kim, Pan-gyi aut Park, Seok-hwan aut Lee, Jin-Heon aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 24(2017), 17 vom: 28. Apr., Seite 14669-14681 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:24 year:2017 number:17 day:28 month:04 pages:14669-14681 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 24 2017 17 28 04 14669-14681
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 doi (DE-627)OLC2040491937 (DE-He213)s11356-017-9068-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Lee, Kyoung-Mu verfasserin aut Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates. Phthalate Urinary metabolite Biomonitoring Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey Kho, Younglim aut Kim, Pan-gyi aut Park, Seok-hwan aut Lee, Jin-Heon aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 24(2017), 17 vom: 28. Apr., Seite 14669-14681 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:24 year:2017 number:17 day:28 month:04 pages:14669-14681 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 24 2017 17 28 04 14669-14681
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 doi (DE-627)OLC2040491937 (DE-He213)s11356-017-9068-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Lee, Kyoung-Mu verfasserin aut Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates. Phthalate Urinary metabolite Biomonitoring Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey Kho, Younglim aut Kim, Pan-gyi aut Park, Seok-hwan aut Lee, Jin-Heon aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 24(2017), 17 vom: 28. Apr., Seite 14669-14681 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:24 year:2017 number:17 day:28 month:04 pages:14669-14681 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 24 2017 17 28 04 14669-14681
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 doi (DE-627)OLC2040491937 (DE-He213)s11356-017-9068-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Lee, Kyoung-Mu verfasserin aut Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates. Phthalate Urinary metabolite Biomonitoring Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey Kho, Younglim aut Kim, Pan-gyi aut Park, Seok-hwan aut Lee, Jin-Heon aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 24(2017), 17 vom: 28. Apr., Seite 14669-14681 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:24 year:2017 number:17 day:28 month:04 pages:14669-14681 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9068-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 24 2017 17 28 04 14669-14681
language	English
source	Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research 24(2017), 17 vom: 28. Apr., Seite 14669-14681 volume:24 year:2017 number:17 day:28 month:04 pages:14669-14681
sourceStr	Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research 24(2017), 17 vom: 28. Apr., Seite 14669-14681 volume:24 year:2017 number:17 day:28 month:04 pages:14669-14681
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topic_facet	Phthalate Urinary metabolite Biomonitoring Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lee, Kyoung-Mu @@aut@@ Kho, Younglim @@aut@@ Kim, Pan-gyi @@aut@@ Park, Seok-hwan @@aut@@ Lee, Jin-Heon @@aut@@
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The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. 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author	Lee, Kyoung-Mu
spellingShingle	Lee, Kyoung-Mu ddc 570 ddc 690 fid BIODIV misc Phthalate misc Urinary metabolite misc Biomonitoring misc Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults
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title	Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults
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title_full	Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults
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title_sort	urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in korean adults
title_auth	Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults
abstract	Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
abstractGer	Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The objective of this study is to assess human exposure to phthalates and its associations with demographic characteristics of the subjects in the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey. The subjects aged between 18 and 69 were selected through nationwide stratified sampling. A total of 1874 urine samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until measurement for ten selected metabolites of phthalates (MnBP, MiBP, MBzP, MCHP, MnOP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MiNP, and MiDP) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The difference in the level of urinary phthalate metabolites by the characteristics of the subjects was tested for statistical significance using SAS Surveyreg procedure. The coefficients and standard errors from multiple linear regressions were exponentiated to estimate the adjusted proportional change (APC) and 95% CIs compared with a referent level. The proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20% for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. Geometric means of creatinine-adjusted concentrations (unit: μg/g creatinine) of six other phthalate metabolites among Korean adults were 41.7 (95% CI 39.6–43.9) for MnBP, 17.1 (95% CI 16.1–18.1) for MiBP, 15.7 (95% CI 14.4–17.1) for MBzP, 8.65 (95% CI 8.10–9.22) for MEHP, 17.5 (95% CI 16.8–18.3) for MEOHP, and 38.1 (95% CI 36.2–40.2) for MEHHP. Urinary level of phthalates tended to be higher among subjects with older age, females, and those with vigorous daily physical activity and tended to be lower among drinkers and those with higher income. Our results suggest that the level of phthalate exposure is significant among Korean adults and thus warrants further studies to identify major source and route of exposure to phthalates. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
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title_short	Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and associations with demographic characteristics in Korean adults
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