Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines
Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-st...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Paris, Jesse L. [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2013 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of materials science - Springer US, 1966, 49(2013), 2 vom: 26. Sept., Seite 580-591 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:49 ; year:2013 ; number:2 ; day:26 ; month:09 ; pages:580-591 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2046391748 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. | ||
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10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2046391748 (DE-He213)s10853-013-7738-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ Paris, Jesse L. verfasserin aut Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines 2013 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. Phenol Formaldehyde Phenol Formaldehyde Linear Attenuation Coefficient Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Increase Image Noise Kamke, Frederick A. aut Mbachu, Reginald aut Gibson, Sara Kraushaar aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science Springer US, 1966 49(2013), 2 vom: 26. Sept., Seite 580-591 (DE-627)129546372 (DE-600)218324-9 (DE-576)014996774 0022-2461 nnns volume:49 year:2013 number:2 day:26 month:09 pages:580-591 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 49 2013 2 26 09 580-591 |
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10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2046391748 (DE-He213)s10853-013-7738-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ Paris, Jesse L. verfasserin aut Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines 2013 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. Phenol Formaldehyde Phenol Formaldehyde Linear Attenuation Coefficient Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Increase Image Noise Kamke, Frederick A. aut Mbachu, Reginald aut Gibson, Sara Kraushaar aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science Springer US, 1966 49(2013), 2 vom: 26. Sept., Seite 580-591 (DE-627)129546372 (DE-600)218324-9 (DE-576)014996774 0022-2461 nnns volume:49 year:2013 number:2 day:26 month:09 pages:580-591 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 49 2013 2 26 09 580-591 |
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10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2046391748 (DE-He213)s10853-013-7738-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ Paris, Jesse L. verfasserin aut Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines 2013 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. Phenol Formaldehyde Phenol Formaldehyde Linear Attenuation Coefficient Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Increase Image Noise Kamke, Frederick A. aut Mbachu, Reginald aut Gibson, Sara Kraushaar aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science Springer US, 1966 49(2013), 2 vom: 26. Sept., Seite 580-591 (DE-627)129546372 (DE-600)218324-9 (DE-576)014996774 0022-2461 nnns volume:49 year:2013 number:2 day:26 month:09 pages:580-591 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 49 2013 2 26 09 580-591 |
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10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2046391748 (DE-He213)s10853-013-7738-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ Paris, Jesse L. verfasserin aut Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines 2013 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. Phenol Formaldehyde Phenol Formaldehyde Linear Attenuation Coefficient Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Increase Image Noise Kamke, Frederick A. aut Mbachu, Reginald aut Gibson, Sara Kraushaar aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science Springer US, 1966 49(2013), 2 vom: 26. Sept., Seite 580-591 (DE-627)129546372 (DE-600)218324-9 (DE-576)014996774 0022-2461 nnns volume:49 year:2013 number:2 day:26 month:09 pages:580-591 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 49 2013 2 26 09 580-591 |
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10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2046391748 (DE-He213)s10853-013-7738-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ Paris, Jesse L. verfasserin aut Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines 2013 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. Phenol Formaldehyde Phenol Formaldehyde Linear Attenuation Coefficient Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Increase Image Noise Kamke, Frederick A. aut Mbachu, Reginald aut Gibson, Sara Kraushaar aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science Springer US, 1966 49(2013), 2 vom: 26. Sept., Seite 580-591 (DE-627)129546372 (DE-600)218324-9 (DE-576)014996774 0022-2461 nnns volume:49 year:2013 number:2 day:26 month:09 pages:580-591 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7738-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 49 2013 2 26 09 580-591 |
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Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines |
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Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines |
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Paris, Jesse L. |
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Journal of materials science |
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Paris, Jesse L. Kamke, Frederick A. Mbachu, Reginald Gibson, Sara Kraushaar |
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phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced x-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines |
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Phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulated for advanced X-ray imaging in wood-composite bondlines |
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Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract A phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was uniformly tagged with iodine such that it yielded sufficient X-ray computed tomography (XCT) gray-scale contrast for material segmentation in reconstructed wood-composite bondlines. Typically, untagged adhesives are organic and have a similar solid-state density as wood cell-walls, and therefore cannot be segmented quantitatively in XCT data. The iodinated PF development involved analysis and comparison of three trial adhesives containing rubidium, bromine, or iodine. Adhesive tag efficacy was measured in terms of X-ray absorption contrast enhancement and tag uniformity along the adhesive polymers. Cured adhesive density, tag element, and concentration were each found to significantly impact XCT contrast results, which in turn agreed with theoretical X-ray attenuation predictions for each resin. Ion chromatography confirmed the absence of free iodide in the liquid PF prior to bonding, and fluorescence microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that iodine tags remained associated with the cured adhesive polymers. XCT and EDS results also demonstrated that when contrast agents are simply mixed into resins, rather than attached to the polymer chains, they are free to migrate independent of the penetrating adhesives during bonding. This then can cause complications with quantitative segmentation and analyses. The iodinated PF yielded consistent and uniform XCT gray-scale contrast; its formulation could be adjusted for other viscosity or molecular weight distribution, which would affect its penetration behavior. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 |
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