$ CH_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in P.R. China
Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Wang, M. -X. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
1996 |
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| Systematik: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer-Verlag 1996 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Theoretical and applied climatology - Springer-Verlag, 1986, 55(1996), 1-4 vom: März, Seite 129-138 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:55 ; year:1996 ; number:1-4 ; month:03 ; pages:129-138 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/BF00864708 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2048434355 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a $ CH_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in P.R. China |
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| 520 | |a Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ | ||
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10.1007/BF00864708 doi (DE-627)OLC2048434355 (DE-He213)BF00864708-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 14 ssgn RA 1000 VZ rvk Wang, M. -X. verfasserin aut $ CH_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in P.R. China 1996 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 1996 Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ Biogas Rice Field Late Rice Great Spatial Variation Total Methane Emission Shangguan, X. -J. aut Enthalten in Theoretical and applied climatology Springer-Verlag, 1986 55(1996), 1-4 vom: März, Seite 129-138 (DE-627)129958808 (DE-600)405799-5 (DE-576)01552857X 0177-798X nnns volume:55 year:1996 number:1-4 month:03 pages:129-138 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00864708 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4330 RA 1000 AR 55 1996 1-4 03 129-138 |
| spelling |
10.1007/BF00864708 doi (DE-627)OLC2048434355 (DE-He213)BF00864708-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 14 ssgn RA 1000 VZ rvk Wang, M. -X. verfasserin aut $ CH_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in P.R. China 1996 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 1996 Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ Biogas Rice Field Late Rice Great Spatial Variation Total Methane Emission Shangguan, X. -J. aut Enthalten in Theoretical and applied climatology Springer-Verlag, 1986 55(1996), 1-4 vom: März, Seite 129-138 (DE-627)129958808 (DE-600)405799-5 (DE-576)01552857X 0177-798X nnns volume:55 year:1996 number:1-4 month:03 pages:129-138 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00864708 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4330 RA 1000 AR 55 1996 1-4 03 129-138 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/BF00864708 doi (DE-627)OLC2048434355 (DE-He213)BF00864708-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 14 ssgn RA 1000 VZ rvk Wang, M. -X. verfasserin aut $ CH_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in P.R. China 1996 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 1996 Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ Biogas Rice Field Late Rice Great Spatial Variation Total Methane Emission Shangguan, X. -J. aut Enthalten in Theoretical and applied climatology Springer-Verlag, 1986 55(1996), 1-4 vom: März, Seite 129-138 (DE-627)129958808 (DE-600)405799-5 (DE-576)01552857X 0177-798X nnns volume:55 year:1996 number:1-4 month:03 pages:129-138 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00864708 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4330 RA 1000 AR 55 1996 1-4 03 129-138 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1007/BF00864708 doi (DE-627)OLC2048434355 (DE-He213)BF00864708-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 14 ssgn RA 1000 VZ rvk Wang, M. -X. verfasserin aut $ CH_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in P.R. China 1996 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 1996 Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ Biogas Rice Field Late Rice Great Spatial Variation Total Methane Emission Shangguan, X. -J. aut Enthalten in Theoretical and applied climatology Springer-Verlag, 1986 55(1996), 1-4 vom: März, Seite 129-138 (DE-627)129958808 (DE-600)405799-5 (DE-576)01552857X 0177-798X nnns volume:55 year:1996 number:1-4 month:03 pages:129-138 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00864708 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4330 RA 1000 AR 55 1996 1-4 03 129-138 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1007/BF00864708 doi (DE-627)OLC2048434355 (DE-He213)BF00864708-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 14 ssgn RA 1000 VZ rvk Wang, M. -X. verfasserin aut $ CH_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in P.R. China 1996 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 1996 Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ Biogas Rice Field Late Rice Great Spatial Variation Total Methane Emission Shangguan, X. -J. aut Enthalten in Theoretical and applied climatology Springer-Verlag, 1986 55(1996), 1-4 vom: März, Seite 129-138 (DE-627)129958808 (DE-600)405799-5 (DE-576)01552857X 0177-798X nnns volume:55 year:1996 number:1-4 month:03 pages:129-138 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00864708 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4330 RA 1000 AR 55 1996 1-4 03 129-138 |
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English |
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Enthalten in Theoretical and applied climatology 55(1996), 1-4 vom: März, Seite 129-138 volume:55 year:1996 number:1-4 month:03 pages:129-138 |
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Enthalten in Theoretical and applied climatology 55(1996), 1-4 vom: März, Seite 129-138 volume:55 year:1996 number:1-4 month:03 pages:129-138 |
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China</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">1996</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© Springer-Verlag 1996</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. 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Wang, M. -X. |
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$ ch_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in p.r. china |
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$ CH_{4} $ emission from various rice fields in P.R. China |
| abstract |
Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ © Springer-Verlag 1996 |
| abstractGer |
Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ © Springer-Verlag 1996 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. If we extrapolate the measured data in China with a consideration of measured data in other Asian country, the total global emission of $ CH_{4} $ from rice fields are estimated to be about 35–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ © Springer-Verlag 1996 |
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China</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">1996</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© Springer-Verlag 1996</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Summary The $ CH_{4} $ emission rates from Chinese rice fields have been measured in five typical areas representing all of the five major rice culture regions in People's Republic of China (P.R. China). Four types of diurnal variations (afternoon peak, night peak, afternoon-night double peaks and random pattern) of $ CH_{4} $ emission rates have been found. The first pattern was normally found in clear weather, the second and the third types were only found occasionally in particular place, while the fourth were found in cloudy or rainy weather. Due to the irregular pattern of the methane production observed in the morning-afternoon comparison experiment, the transport pathway influenced by certain factors, may be the major factor governing the diurnal variation of $ CH_{4} $ emission. Seasonal variation patterns of $ CH_{4} $ emission differ slightly with different field locations, where climate system, cropping system and other factors are different. Two and three emission peaks were generally found during single and early rice vegetation periods, with the peak magnitude and time of appearance differing to small degree in individual sites. A decreasing trend of seasonal variation was always observed in late rice season. A combination of seasonal change of transport efficiency and that of $ CH_{4} $ production rate in the paddy soil explains well the $ CH_{4} $ emission. The role of rice plant in transporting $ CH_{4} $ varied over a large range in different rice growing stages. The reasons for internnual changes of $ CH_{4} $ flux are not yet clear. Great spatial variation of the $ CH_{4} $ emission has been found, which can be attributed to the differences in soil type and soil properties, local climate condition, rice species, fertilizer and water treatment. Experiments showed that while the application of some mineral fertilizers will reduce the $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil, the application of organic manure will enhance $ CH_{4} $ emission and $ CH_{4} $ production in the soil. Any measures which can get off easily decomposed carbon from organic manure may reduce C supply for $ CH_{4} $ production, and hence reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission. Fermented sludges from biogas generators and farmyard-stored manure seem to be promising. In some parts of China, separate application of the organic and mineral manure instead of mixed application could be another option. Frequent Scientific drainage and ridge cultivation, which are often used water management techniques in Chinese rice agriculture, have been proved in the experiments to be a very efficient mitigation measures to reduce $ CH_{4} $ emission from rice fields. By summarizing the present available data, China's rice fields contribute about 13.3 Tg $ yr^{−1} $ (11.4–15.2) $ CH_{4} $ to the atmosphere. The total methane emission from global rice fields can be estimated 33–60 Tg $ yr^{−1} $, much less than the estimates made before. 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