Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites
Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Micros...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Lu, W. J. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2002 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Metallurgical and materials transactions / A - Springer-Verlag, 1994, 33(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 3055-3063 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:33 ; year:2002 ; number:9 ; month:09 ; pages:3055-3063 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 |
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OLC2054010138 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Material Transaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Differential Scanning Calorimeter | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Solidification Path | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Mori, H. |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2054010138 (DE-He213)s11661-002-0290-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 530 VZ 19,1 ssgn Lu, W. J. verfasserin aut Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. Material Transaction Differential Scanning Calorimeter Solidification Path Ternary Eutectic Differential Scanning Calorimeter Curve Zhang, D. aut Wu, R. J. aut Mori, H. aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / A Springer-Verlag, 1994 33(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 3055-3063 (DE-627)171342011 (DE-600)1179415-X (DE-576)038876930 1073-5623 nnns volume:33 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:3055-3063 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4316 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2002 9 09 3055-3063 |
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10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2054010138 (DE-He213)s11661-002-0290-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 530 VZ 19,1 ssgn Lu, W. J. verfasserin aut Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. Material Transaction Differential Scanning Calorimeter Solidification Path Ternary Eutectic Differential Scanning Calorimeter Curve Zhang, D. aut Wu, R. J. aut Mori, H. aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / A Springer-Verlag, 1994 33(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 3055-3063 (DE-627)171342011 (DE-600)1179415-X (DE-576)038876930 1073-5623 nnns volume:33 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:3055-3063 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4316 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2002 9 09 3055-3063 |
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10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2054010138 (DE-He213)s11661-002-0290-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 530 VZ 19,1 ssgn Lu, W. J. verfasserin aut Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. Material Transaction Differential Scanning Calorimeter Solidification Path Ternary Eutectic Differential Scanning Calorimeter Curve Zhang, D. aut Wu, R. J. aut Mori, H. aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / A Springer-Verlag, 1994 33(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 3055-3063 (DE-627)171342011 (DE-600)1179415-X (DE-576)038876930 1073-5623 nnns volume:33 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:3055-3063 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4316 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2002 9 09 3055-3063 |
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10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2054010138 (DE-He213)s11661-002-0290-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 530 VZ 19,1 ssgn Lu, W. J. verfasserin aut Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. Material Transaction Differential Scanning Calorimeter Solidification Path Ternary Eutectic Differential Scanning Calorimeter Curve Zhang, D. aut Wu, R. J. aut Mori, H. aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / A Springer-Verlag, 1994 33(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 3055-3063 (DE-627)171342011 (DE-600)1179415-X (DE-576)038876930 1073-5623 nnns volume:33 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:3055-3063 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4316 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2002 9 09 3055-3063 |
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10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2054010138 (DE-He213)s11661-002-0290-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 530 VZ 19,1 ssgn Lu, W. J. verfasserin aut Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. Material Transaction Differential Scanning Calorimeter Solidification Path Ternary Eutectic Differential Scanning Calorimeter Curve Zhang, D. aut Wu, R. J. aut Mori, H. aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / A Springer-Verlag, 1994 33(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 3055-3063 (DE-627)171342011 (DE-600)1179415-X (DE-576)038876930 1073-5623 nnns volume:33 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:3055-3063 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0290-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4316 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2002 9 09 3055-3063 |
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Lu, W. J. |
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Lu, W. J. ddc 670 ssgn 19,1 misc Material Transaction misc Differential Scanning Calorimeter misc Solidification Path misc Ternary Eutectic misc Differential Scanning Calorimeter Curve Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites |
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Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites |
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solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (tib + tic)/ti in situ composites |
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Solidification paths and reinforcement morphologies in melt-processed (TiB + TiC)/Ti In Situ Composites |
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Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. © ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 |
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Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. © ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract A novel in situ process was developed to produce titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC of different mole ratios in which traditional ingot metallurgy plus self-propagation hightemperature synthesis (SHS) reactions between Ti and $ B_{4} $C, graphite powder were used. Microstructures of (TiB+TiC)/Ti in situ composites were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Solidification paths were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Results show that there is an apparent difference in morphologies of reinforcements. The reinforcements nucleate and grow from the melt in a way of dissolution precipitation. The different morphologies are related to their solidification paths and the particular crystal structure of the reinforcement. TiB grows along the [010] direction and forms short-fiber shape due to its B27 structure, whereas TiC with NaCl type structure grows in a dendritic, equiaxed, or near-equiaxed shape. The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. It also helps to minimize the lattice strain at the interfaces between TiB and the titanium matrix. © ASM International & TMS-The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 2002 |
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The DSC results and analysis of the phase diagram yield three stages for the solidification paths of in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites: (1) primary phase, (2) monovariant binary eutectic, and (3) invariant ternary eutectic. The addition of graphite adjusts the solidification paths and forms more dendritic primary TiC. The addition of aluminum does not change the solidification paths. However, the reinforcements grow finer and lead to equiaxed or near-equiaxed TiC morphologies. The following consistent crystallographic relationships between TiB and titanium were observed by HRTEM, i.e., [010]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, (100)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (001)TiB//(0002)Ti, ($$10\bar 1$$)TiB//($$4\overline {22} 1$$)Ti and [001]TiB//[$$01\bar 10$$]Ti, ($$0\bar 10$$)TiB//($$\bar 2110$$)Ti, (200)TiB//(0002)Ti. The formation of the preceding crystallographic relationships is related to the growth mechanism of TiB. 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