An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs
Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected wi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Amaechi, Benny [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2014 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Transport in porous media - Springer Netherlands, 1986, 103(2014), 3 vom: 11. Apr., Seite 421-436 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:103 ; year:2014 ; number:3 ; day:11 ; month:04 ; pages:421-436 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
OLC205438819X |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Capillary trapping | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gas chromatography | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Initial gas saturation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Residual gas saturation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sand packs | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Three-phase | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Iglauer, Stefan |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pentland, Christopher H. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bijeljic, Branko |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Blunt, Martin J. |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 doi (DE-627)OLC205438819X (DE-He213)s11242-014-0309-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 530 VZ Amaechi, Benny verfasserin aut An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs 2014 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. Capillary trapping Gas chromatography Initial gas saturation Residual gas saturation Sand packs Three-phase Iglauer, Stefan aut Pentland, Christopher H. aut Bijeljic, Branko aut Blunt, Martin J. aut Enthalten in Transport in porous media Springer Netherlands, 1986 103(2014), 3 vom: 11. Apr., Seite 421-436 (DE-627)129206105 (DE-600)54858-3 (DE-576)014457431 0169-3913 nnns volume:103 year:2014 number:3 day:11 month:04 pages:421-436 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_70 AR 103 2014 3 11 04 421-436 |
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10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 doi (DE-627)OLC205438819X (DE-He213)s11242-014-0309-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 530 VZ Amaechi, Benny verfasserin aut An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs 2014 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. Capillary trapping Gas chromatography Initial gas saturation Residual gas saturation Sand packs Three-phase Iglauer, Stefan aut Pentland, Christopher H. aut Bijeljic, Branko aut Blunt, Martin J. aut Enthalten in Transport in porous media Springer Netherlands, 1986 103(2014), 3 vom: 11. Apr., Seite 421-436 (DE-627)129206105 (DE-600)54858-3 (DE-576)014457431 0169-3913 nnns volume:103 year:2014 number:3 day:11 month:04 pages:421-436 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_70 AR 103 2014 3 11 04 421-436 |
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10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 doi (DE-627)OLC205438819X (DE-He213)s11242-014-0309-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 530 VZ Amaechi, Benny verfasserin aut An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs 2014 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. Capillary trapping Gas chromatography Initial gas saturation Residual gas saturation Sand packs Three-phase Iglauer, Stefan aut Pentland, Christopher H. aut Bijeljic, Branko aut Blunt, Martin J. aut Enthalten in Transport in porous media Springer Netherlands, 1986 103(2014), 3 vom: 11. Apr., Seite 421-436 (DE-627)129206105 (DE-600)54858-3 (DE-576)014457431 0169-3913 nnns volume:103 year:2014 number:3 day:11 month:04 pages:421-436 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_70 AR 103 2014 3 11 04 421-436 |
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10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 doi (DE-627)OLC205438819X (DE-He213)s11242-014-0309-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 530 VZ Amaechi, Benny verfasserin aut An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs 2014 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. Capillary trapping Gas chromatography Initial gas saturation Residual gas saturation Sand packs Three-phase Iglauer, Stefan aut Pentland, Christopher H. aut Bijeljic, Branko aut Blunt, Martin J. aut Enthalten in Transport in porous media Springer Netherlands, 1986 103(2014), 3 vom: 11. Apr., Seite 421-436 (DE-627)129206105 (DE-600)54858-3 (DE-576)014457431 0169-3913 nnns volume:103 year:2014 number:3 day:11 month:04 pages:421-436 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_70 AR 103 2014 3 11 04 421-436 |
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10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 doi (DE-627)OLC205438819X (DE-He213)s11242-014-0309-4-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 530 VZ Amaechi, Benny verfasserin aut An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs 2014 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. Capillary trapping Gas chromatography Initial gas saturation Residual gas saturation Sand packs Three-phase Iglauer, Stefan aut Pentland, Christopher H. aut Bijeljic, Branko aut Blunt, Martin J. aut Enthalten in Transport in porous media Springer Netherlands, 1986 103(2014), 3 vom: 11. Apr., Seite 421-436 (DE-627)129206105 (DE-600)54858-3 (DE-576)014457431 0169-3913 nnns volume:103 year:2014 number:3 day:11 month:04 pages:421-436 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0309-4 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY GBV_ILN_70 AR 103 2014 3 11 04 421-436 |
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An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs |
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An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs |
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Amaechi, Benny |
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Transport in porous media |
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Amaechi, Benny Iglauer, Stefan Pentland, Christopher H. Bijeljic, Branko Blunt, Martin J. |
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an experimental study of three-phase trapping in sand packs |
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An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs |
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Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The trapped saturations of oil and gas are measured as functions of initial oil and gas saturation in water-wet sand packs. Analogue fluids—water, octane and air—are used at ambient conditions. Starting with a sand-pack column which has been saturated with brine, oil (octane) is injected with the column horizontal until irreducible water saturation is reached. The column is then positioned vertically and air is allowed to enter from the top of the column, while oil is allowed to drain under gravity for varying lengths of time. At this point, the column may be sliced and the fluids analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the initial saturations. Alternatively, brine is injected through the bottom of the vertical column to trap oil and gas, before slicing the columns and measuring the trapped or residual saturations by gas chromatography and mass balance. The experiments show that in three-phase flow, the total trapped saturations of oil and gas are considerably higher than the trapped saturations reported in the literature for two-phase systems. It is found that the residual saturation of oil and gas combined could be as high as 23 %, as opposed to a maximum two-phase residual of only 14 %. For very high initial gas saturations, the residual gas saturation, up to 17 %, was also higher than for two-phase displacement. These observations are explained in terms of the competition between piston-like displacement and snap-off. It is also observed that less oil is always trapped in three-phase flow than in two-phase displacement, and the difference depends on the amount of gas present. For low and intermediate initial gas saturations, the trapped gas saturation rises linearly with initial saturation, followed by a constant residual, as seen in two-phase displacements. However, at very high initial gas saturations, the residual saturation rises again. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 |
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An Experimental Study of Three-Phase Trapping in Sand Packs |
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