The emplacement of pahoehoe toes: field observations and comparison to laboratory simulations
Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laborator...
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| Autor*in: |
Gregg, Tracy K. P. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2004 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer-Verlag 2004 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Bulletin of volcanology - Springer-Verlag, 1986, 66(2004), 5 vom: 23. Apr., Seite 381-391 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:66 ; year:2004 ; number:5 ; day:23 ; month:04 ; pages:381-391 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 |
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OLC2054798614 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. | ||
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10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2054798614 (DE-He213)s00445-003-0319-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ Gregg, Tracy K. P. verfasserin aut The emplacement of pahoehoe toes: field observations and comparison to laboratory simulations 2004 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. Lava Flow Effusion Rate Laboratory Simulation Pahoehoe Flow Pahoehoe Lava Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. aut Enthalten in Bulletin of volcanology Springer-Verlag, 1986 66(2004), 5 vom: 23. Apr., Seite 381-391 (DE-627)130428833 (DE-600)635594-8 (DE-576)015927865 0258-8900 nnns volume:66 year:2004 number:5 day:23 month:04 pages:381-391 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 66 2004 5 23 04 381-391 |
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10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2054798614 (DE-He213)s00445-003-0319-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ Gregg, Tracy K. P. verfasserin aut The emplacement of pahoehoe toes: field observations and comparison to laboratory simulations 2004 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. Lava Flow Effusion Rate Laboratory Simulation Pahoehoe Flow Pahoehoe Lava Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. aut Enthalten in Bulletin of volcanology Springer-Verlag, 1986 66(2004), 5 vom: 23. Apr., Seite 381-391 (DE-627)130428833 (DE-600)635594-8 (DE-576)015927865 0258-8900 nnns volume:66 year:2004 number:5 day:23 month:04 pages:381-391 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 66 2004 5 23 04 381-391 |
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10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2054798614 (DE-He213)s00445-003-0319-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ Gregg, Tracy K. P. verfasserin aut The emplacement of pahoehoe toes: field observations and comparison to laboratory simulations 2004 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. Lava Flow Effusion Rate Laboratory Simulation Pahoehoe Flow Pahoehoe Lava Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. aut Enthalten in Bulletin of volcanology Springer-Verlag, 1986 66(2004), 5 vom: 23. Apr., Seite 381-391 (DE-627)130428833 (DE-600)635594-8 (DE-576)015927865 0258-8900 nnns volume:66 year:2004 number:5 day:23 month:04 pages:381-391 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 66 2004 5 23 04 381-391 |
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10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2054798614 (DE-He213)s00445-003-0319-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ Gregg, Tracy K. P. verfasserin aut The emplacement of pahoehoe toes: field observations and comparison to laboratory simulations 2004 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. Lava Flow Effusion Rate Laboratory Simulation Pahoehoe Flow Pahoehoe Lava Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. aut Enthalten in Bulletin of volcanology Springer-Verlag, 1986 66(2004), 5 vom: 23. Apr., Seite 381-391 (DE-627)130428833 (DE-600)635594-8 (DE-576)015927865 0258-8900 nnns volume:66 year:2004 number:5 day:23 month:04 pages:381-391 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 66 2004 5 23 04 381-391 |
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10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2054798614 (DE-He213)s00445-003-0319-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ Gregg, Tracy K. P. verfasserin aut The emplacement of pahoehoe toes: field observations and comparison to laboratory simulations 2004 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. Lava Flow Effusion Rate Laboratory Simulation Pahoehoe Flow Pahoehoe Lava Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. aut Enthalten in Bulletin of volcanology Springer-Verlag, 1986 66(2004), 5 vom: 23. Apr., Seite 381-391 (DE-627)130428833 (DE-600)635594-8 (DE-576)015927865 0258-8900 nnns volume:66 year:2004 number:5 day:23 month:04 pages:381-391 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0319-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 66 2004 5 23 04 381-391 |
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the emplacement of pahoehoe toes: field observations and comparison to laboratory simulations |
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The emplacement of pahoehoe toes: field observations and comparison to laboratory simulations |
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Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. © Springer-Verlag 2004 |
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Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. © Springer-Verlag 2004 |
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Abstract We observed active pahoehoe lobes erupted on Kilauea during May-June 1996, and found a range of emplacement styles associated with variations in local effusion rate, flow velocity, and strain rate. These emplacement styles were documented and quantified for comparison with earlier laboratory experiments. At the lowest effusion rates, velocities, and strain rates, smooth-surfaced lobes were emplaced via swelling, where new crust formed along an incandescent lip at the front of the lobe and the rest of the lobe was covered with a dark crust. At higher effusion rates, strain rates and velocities, lobes were emplaced through tearing or cracking. Tearing was characterized by ripping of the ductile crust near the initial breakout point, and most of the lobe surface was incandescent during its emplacement. This mechanism was observed to generate both smooth-surfaced lobes, and, when the lava encountered an obstacle, folded lobes. Cracking lobes were similar to those emplaced via tearing, but involved breaking of a thicker, brittle crust at the initial breakout of the lobe and therefore required somewhat higher flow rates than did tearing. Cracking lobes typically formed ropy folds in the center of the lobe, and smooth margins. At the highest effusion rates, strain rates, and flow velocities, the lava formed open channels with distinct levees. The final lobe morphologies were compared to results from laboratory simulations, which were designed to infer effusion rate from final flow morphology, to quantitatively test the laboratory results on the scale of individual natural pahoehoe lobes. There is general agreement between results from laboratory simulations and natural lavas on the scale of individual pahoehoe lobes, but there are disparities between laboratory flows and lava flows on the scale of an entire pahoehoe lava flow field. © Springer-Verlag 2004 |
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