Nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Sierra Mojada District, Coahuila, Mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses
Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag s...
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| Autor*in: |
Kyle, J. Richard [verfasserIn] |
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Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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2018 |
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© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Mineralium deposita - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1966, 53(2018), 8 vom: 20. Feb., Seite 1095-1116 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:53 ; year:2018 ; number:8 ; day:20 ; month:02 ; pages:1095-1116 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Sierra Mojada District, Coahuila, Mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Supergene processes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Smithsonite | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hemimorphite | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Carbon-oxygen-sulfur isotopes | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Polymetallic carbonate-replacement deposits | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Holocene climate | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Gilg, H. Albert |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 doi (DE-627)OLC2058260325 (DE-He213)s00126-018-0797-1-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 13 ssgn TE 1000 VZ rvk Kyle, J. Richard verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-5319-8941 aut Nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Sierra Mojada District, Coahuila, Mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses 2018 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. Supergene processes Smithsonite Hemimorphite Carbon-oxygen-sulfur isotopes Lead isotopes Polymetallic carbonate-replacement deposits Holocene climate Ahn, Hyein aut Gilg, H. Albert aut Enthalten in Mineralium deposita Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1966 53(2018), 8 vom: 20. Feb., Seite 1095-1116 (DE-627)12906906X (DE-600)1679-2 (DE-576)01440074X 0026-4598 nnns volume:53 year:2018 number:8 day:20 month:02 pages:1095-1116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4306 TE 1000 AR 53 2018 8 20 02 1095-1116 |
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10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 doi (DE-627)OLC2058260325 (DE-He213)s00126-018-0797-1-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 13 ssgn TE 1000 VZ rvk Kyle, J. Richard verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-5319-8941 aut Nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Sierra Mojada District, Coahuila, Mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses 2018 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. Supergene processes Smithsonite Hemimorphite Carbon-oxygen-sulfur isotopes Lead isotopes Polymetallic carbonate-replacement deposits Holocene climate Ahn, Hyein aut Gilg, H. Albert aut Enthalten in Mineralium deposita Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1966 53(2018), 8 vom: 20. Feb., Seite 1095-1116 (DE-627)12906906X (DE-600)1679-2 (DE-576)01440074X 0026-4598 nnns volume:53 year:2018 number:8 day:20 month:02 pages:1095-1116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4306 TE 1000 AR 53 2018 8 20 02 1095-1116 |
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10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 doi (DE-627)OLC2058260325 (DE-He213)s00126-018-0797-1-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 13 ssgn TE 1000 VZ rvk Kyle, J. Richard verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-5319-8941 aut Nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Sierra Mojada District, Coahuila, Mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses 2018 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. Supergene processes Smithsonite Hemimorphite Carbon-oxygen-sulfur isotopes Lead isotopes Polymetallic carbonate-replacement deposits Holocene climate Ahn, Hyein aut Gilg, H. Albert aut Enthalten in Mineralium deposita Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1966 53(2018), 8 vom: 20. Feb., Seite 1095-1116 (DE-627)12906906X (DE-600)1679-2 (DE-576)01440074X 0026-4598 nnns volume:53 year:2018 number:8 day:20 month:02 pages:1095-1116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4306 TE 1000 AR 53 2018 8 20 02 1095-1116 |
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10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 doi (DE-627)OLC2058260325 (DE-He213)s00126-018-0797-1-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 13 ssgn TE 1000 VZ rvk Kyle, J. Richard verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-5319-8941 aut Nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Sierra Mojada District, Coahuila, Mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses 2018 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. Supergene processes Smithsonite Hemimorphite Carbon-oxygen-sulfur isotopes Lead isotopes Polymetallic carbonate-replacement deposits Holocene climate Ahn, Hyein aut Gilg, H. Albert aut Enthalten in Mineralium deposita Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1966 53(2018), 8 vom: 20. Feb., Seite 1095-1116 (DE-627)12906906X (DE-600)1679-2 (DE-576)01440074X 0026-4598 nnns volume:53 year:2018 number:8 day:20 month:02 pages:1095-1116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4306 TE 1000 AR 53 2018 8 20 02 1095-1116 |
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10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 doi (DE-627)OLC2058260325 (DE-He213)s00126-018-0797-1-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 13 ssgn TE 1000 VZ rvk Kyle, J. Richard verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-5319-8941 aut Nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Sierra Mojada District, Coahuila, Mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses 2018 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. Supergene processes Smithsonite Hemimorphite Carbon-oxygen-sulfur isotopes Lead isotopes Polymetallic carbonate-replacement deposits Holocene climate Ahn, Hyein aut Gilg, H. Albert aut Enthalten in Mineralium deposita Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1966 53(2018), 8 vom: 20. Feb., Seite 1095-1116 (DE-627)12906906X (DE-600)1679-2 (DE-576)01440074X 0026-4598 nnns volume:53 year:2018 number:8 day:20 month:02 pages:1095-1116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0797-1 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4306 TE 1000 AR 53 2018 8 20 02 1095-1116 |
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nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the sierra mojada district, coahuila, mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses |
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Nature and origin of the nonsulfide zinc deposits in the Sierra Mojada District, Coahuila, Mexico: constraints from regional geology, petrography, and isotope analyses |
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Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 |
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Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 |
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Abstract The Sierra Mojada District comprises multiple types of near-surface mineral concentrations ranging from polymetallic sulfide zones, “nonsulfide Zn” (NSZ) deposits, and a silver-rich Pb carbonate deposit hosted by lower Cretaceous carbonate strata. Hypogene concentrations of Fe-Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are locally preserved and are associated with hydrothermal dolomite and silica. Alteration mineralogy and sulfur isotope data suggest primary Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization from circa 200 °C hydrothermal fluids. The NSZ deposits dominantly consist of smithsonite and hemimorphite associated with local Mn-Fe oxides. The Red Zinc Zone consists of strata-bound zones dominantly of hemimorphite that fills pores in residual and resedimented Fe oxides. The White Zinc Zone shows local dissolution features, including internal sediments interbanded with and cemented by smithsonite. Similar Pb isotopic compositions of smithsonite, hemimorphite, and cerussite to Sierra Mojada galena document that the NSZ deposits originated from polymetallic carbonate-replacement sulfide deposits, with flow of metal-bearing groundwater being controlled by local topography and structural features in this extensional terrane. Oxygen isotope values for Sierra Mojada smithsonite are relatively constant ($ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ = 20.9 to 23.3‰) but are unusually low compared to other supergene smithsonites. Using $ δ^{18} $$ O_{VSMOW} $ (− 8‰) of modern groundwater at nearby Cuatrociénegas, smithsonite formational temperatures are calculated to have been between 26 to 35 °C. Smithsonite precipitation was favored by near-neutral conditions typical of carbonate terranes, whereas hemimorphite precipitated by reaction with wallrock silica and locally, or episodically, more acidic conditions resulting from sulfide oxidation. Transition to, and stabilization of, the modern desert climate over the past 9000 years from the Late Pleistocene wetter, cooler climate of northern Mexico resulted in episodic drawdown of the water table and termination of local supergene metal mobilization. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 |
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