Sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor
Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The so...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Gozzi, Daniele [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
1994 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Metallurgical and materials transactions / B - Springer-Verlag, 1994, 25(1994), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 561-568 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:25 ; year:1994 ; number:4 ; month:08 ; pages:561-568 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/BF02650076 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2059752434 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor |
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| 520 | |a Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Sulfur Concentration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Liquid Iron | |
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10.1007/BF02650076 doi (DE-627)OLC2059752434 (DE-He213)BF02650076-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 VZ Gozzi, Daniele verfasserin aut Sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. Material Transaction Sulfur Concentration Liquid Iron Theoretical Equation Reagent Grade Purity Granati, Paolo aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / B Springer-Verlag, 1994 25(1994), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 561-568 (DE-627)182203832 (DE-600)1186125-3 (DE-576)038889196 1073-5615 nnns volume:25 year:1994 number:4 month:08 pages:561-568 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650076 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 25 1994 4 08 561-568 |
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10.1007/BF02650076 doi (DE-627)OLC2059752434 (DE-He213)BF02650076-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 VZ Gozzi, Daniele verfasserin aut Sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. Material Transaction Sulfur Concentration Liquid Iron Theoretical Equation Reagent Grade Purity Granati, Paolo aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / B Springer-Verlag, 1994 25(1994), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 561-568 (DE-627)182203832 (DE-600)1186125-3 (DE-576)038889196 1073-5615 nnns volume:25 year:1994 number:4 month:08 pages:561-568 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650076 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 25 1994 4 08 561-568 |
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10.1007/BF02650076 doi (DE-627)OLC2059752434 (DE-He213)BF02650076-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 VZ Gozzi, Daniele verfasserin aut Sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. Material Transaction Sulfur Concentration Liquid Iron Theoretical Equation Reagent Grade Purity Granati, Paolo aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / B Springer-Verlag, 1994 25(1994), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 561-568 (DE-627)182203832 (DE-600)1186125-3 (DE-576)038889196 1073-5615 nnns volume:25 year:1994 number:4 month:08 pages:561-568 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650076 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 25 1994 4 08 561-568 |
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10.1007/BF02650076 doi (DE-627)OLC2059752434 (DE-He213)BF02650076-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 VZ Gozzi, Daniele verfasserin aut Sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. Material Transaction Sulfur Concentration Liquid Iron Theoretical Equation Reagent Grade Purity Granati, Paolo aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / B Springer-Verlag, 1994 25(1994), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 561-568 (DE-627)182203832 (DE-600)1186125-3 (DE-576)038889196 1073-5615 nnns volume:25 year:1994 number:4 month:08 pages:561-568 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650076 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 25 1994 4 08 561-568 |
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10.1007/BF02650076 doi (DE-627)OLC2059752434 (DE-He213)BF02650076-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 VZ Gozzi, Daniele verfasserin aut Sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. Material Transaction Sulfur Concentration Liquid Iron Theoretical Equation Reagent Grade Purity Granati, Paolo aut Enthalten in Metallurgical and materials transactions / B Springer-Verlag, 1994 25(1994), 4 vom: Aug., Seite 561-568 (DE-627)182203832 (DE-600)1186125-3 (DE-576)038889196 1073-5615 nnns volume:25 year:1994 number:4 month:08 pages:561-568 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650076 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4155 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4319 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 25 1994 4 08 561-568 |
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The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. 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sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor |
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Sulfur determination in carbon-saturated iron by solid-state electrochemical sensor |
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Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. © The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. © The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 |
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Abstract In the frame of the continuous efforts to thein situ monitoring of the chemical composition of melts in steelmaking, the solid-state electrochemical probe (−)Pt/Nb-NbO/Caβ″-alumina-CaS/S, Fe (1)/C/Pt (+) was developed and tested to measure the sulfur content in carbon-saturated iron. The solid electrolyte used is calcium β″-Alumina, which behaves as a good ionic conductor by calcium vacancies at steelmaking temperatures. The calcium chemical-potential gradient is fixed at the electrolyte interfaces, on the left side, by keeping constant the oxygen chemical potential through the Nb-NbO coexistence mixture and, on the right side, by the activity of dissolved sulfurvia the solubility equilibrium of CaS. A theoretical equation of the probe electromotive force (emf), as a function of the dissolved concentration of sulfur in the bath, was derived. From this equation, which agrees well with the experimental results, it is clearly shown that the emf of the probe can be approximately linear against log ([S]/pct) in small intervals of sulfur concentration. The experimental emf s were taken up in the sulfur concentration range from 13 to 140 ppm. In this interval, the average slope of emfvs log ([S]/pct) curve is about −50 mV/decade. The effect of dissolved oxygen is discussed because it generates a mixed potential related to the CaS instability. The lower sulfur concentration limit, that can be detected, depends on the concentration of the oxygen dissolved in the melt because CaS tends to react with it. Some characteristic quantities of the theoretical equation were chosen as fitting parameters to fit the equation itself through the experimental emfvs log ([S]/pct) data. By this procedure, it was also found that the CO supersaturation in the bath was 10.2 bar. © The Minerals, Metals & Material Society 1994 |
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