Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India
Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $,...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Singh, Abhay Kumar [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2008 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of atmospheric chemistry - Springer Netherlands, 1983, 59(2008), 1 vom: Jan., Seite 1-23 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:59 ; year:2008 ; number:1 ; month:01 ; pages:1-23 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2061778135 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Singh, Abhay Kumar |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Precipitation chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Acid rain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a pH | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dhanbad−Bokaro | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neutralization factor | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wet deposition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a India | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mondal, G. C. |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 doi (DE-627)OLC2061778135 (DE-He213)s10874-007-9092-8-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Singh, Abhay Kumar verfasserin aut Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India 2008 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. Precipitation chemistry Acid rain pH Dhanbad−Bokaro Neutralization factor Wet deposition India Mondal, G. C. aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 59(2008), 1 vom: Jan., Seite 1-23 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:59 year:2008 number:1 month:01 pages:1-23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 59 2008 1 01 1-23 |
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10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 doi (DE-627)OLC2061778135 (DE-He213)s10874-007-9092-8-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Singh, Abhay Kumar verfasserin aut Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India 2008 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. Precipitation chemistry Acid rain pH Dhanbad−Bokaro Neutralization factor Wet deposition India Mondal, G. C. aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 59(2008), 1 vom: Jan., Seite 1-23 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:59 year:2008 number:1 month:01 pages:1-23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 59 2008 1 01 1-23 |
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10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 doi (DE-627)OLC2061778135 (DE-He213)s10874-007-9092-8-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Singh, Abhay Kumar verfasserin aut Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India 2008 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. Precipitation chemistry Acid rain pH Dhanbad−Bokaro Neutralization factor Wet deposition India Mondal, G. C. aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 59(2008), 1 vom: Jan., Seite 1-23 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:59 year:2008 number:1 month:01 pages:1-23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 59 2008 1 01 1-23 |
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10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 doi (DE-627)OLC2061778135 (DE-He213)s10874-007-9092-8-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Singh, Abhay Kumar verfasserin aut Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India 2008 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. Precipitation chemistry Acid rain pH Dhanbad−Bokaro Neutralization factor Wet deposition India Mondal, G. C. aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 59(2008), 1 vom: Jan., Seite 1-23 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:59 year:2008 number:1 month:01 pages:1-23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 59 2008 1 01 1-23 |
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10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 doi (DE-627)OLC2061778135 (DE-He213)s10874-007-9092-8-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Singh, Abhay Kumar verfasserin aut Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India 2008 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. Precipitation chemistry Acid rain pH Dhanbad−Bokaro Neutralization factor Wet deposition India Mondal, G. C. aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 59(2008), 1 vom: Jan., Seite 1-23 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:59 year:2008 number:1 month:01 pages:1-23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_130 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 59 2008 1 01 1-23 |
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Singh, Abhay Kumar |
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550 540 VZ Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India Precipitation chemistry Acid rain pH Dhanbad−Bokaro Neutralization factor Wet deposition India |
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chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, india |
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Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region, India |
| abstract |
Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, $ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$, $$\rm NO_3^ - $$, $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ K^{+} $ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of $ Ca^{2+} $ (47%) and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$ (21%) in cations and $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (55%) and $ Cl^{−} $ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 |
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The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of $ Ca^{2+} $ (99%) and $ Mg^{2+} $ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ (96%) and high $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} } {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NO_3^ - + C1^ - } \right)}}$$ ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of $${{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{{\text{2 - }}} + NO_3^ - } {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left( {NH_4^ + + Ca^{2 + } } \right)}}$$ varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that $ Ca^{2+} $ and $$NH_4^ + $$ play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however $ Ca^{2+} $ deposition rate was highest followed by $$\rm SO_4^{2 - } $$ and $$\rm NH_4^ + $$.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Precipitation chemistry</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Acid rain</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">pH</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Dhanbad−Bokaro</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Neutralization factor</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wet deposition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">India</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mondal, G. C.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of atmospheric chemistry</subfield><subfield code="d">Springer Netherlands, 1983</subfield><subfield code="g">59(2008), 1 vom: Jan., Seite 1-23</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)130612650</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)793876-7</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)016123026</subfield><subfield code="x">0167-7764</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:59</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2008</subfield><subfield code="g">number:1</subfield><subfield code="g">month:01</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:1-23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="1"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-007-9092-8</subfield><subfield code="z">lizenzpflichtig</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_OLC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-CHE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-GEO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-PHA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-DE-84</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OPC-GGO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OPC-GEO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_130</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_601</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">59</subfield><subfield code="j">2008</subfield><subfield code="e">1</subfield><subfield code="c">01</subfield><subfield code="h">1-23</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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