Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China
Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+...
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| Autor*in: |
Zhang, Xiaoyu [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2019 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer Nature B.V. 2019 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of atmospheric chemistry - Springer Netherlands, 1983, 76(2019), 1 vom: März, Seite 73-88 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:76 ; year:2019 ; number:1 ; month:03 ; pages:73-88 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Fine particles | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Water soluble inorganic ions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Seasonal variation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Principal component analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanjing | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhao, Xin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ji, Guixiang |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ying, Rongrong |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shan, Yanhong |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lin, Yusuo |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z doi (DE-627)OLC2061780873 (DE-He213)s10874-019-09388-z-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Zhang, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China 2019 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. Fine particles Water soluble inorganic ions Seasonal variation Principal component analysis Nanjing Zhao, Xin aut Ji, Guixiang aut Ying, Rongrong aut Shan, Yanhong aut Lin, Yusuo aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 76(2019), 1 vom: März, Seite 73-88 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:76 year:2019 number:1 month:03 pages:73-88 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_601 AR 76 2019 1 03 73-88 |
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10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z doi (DE-627)OLC2061780873 (DE-He213)s10874-019-09388-z-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Zhang, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China 2019 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. Fine particles Water soluble inorganic ions Seasonal variation Principal component analysis Nanjing Zhao, Xin aut Ji, Guixiang aut Ying, Rongrong aut Shan, Yanhong aut Lin, Yusuo aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 76(2019), 1 vom: März, Seite 73-88 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:76 year:2019 number:1 month:03 pages:73-88 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_601 AR 76 2019 1 03 73-88 |
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10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z doi (DE-627)OLC2061780873 (DE-He213)s10874-019-09388-z-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Zhang, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China 2019 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. Fine particles Water soluble inorganic ions Seasonal variation Principal component analysis Nanjing Zhao, Xin aut Ji, Guixiang aut Ying, Rongrong aut Shan, Yanhong aut Lin, Yusuo aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 76(2019), 1 vom: März, Seite 73-88 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:76 year:2019 number:1 month:03 pages:73-88 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_601 AR 76 2019 1 03 73-88 |
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10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z doi (DE-627)OLC2061780873 (DE-He213)s10874-019-09388-z-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Zhang, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China 2019 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. Fine particles Water soluble inorganic ions Seasonal variation Principal component analysis Nanjing Zhao, Xin aut Ji, Guixiang aut Ying, Rongrong aut Shan, Yanhong aut Lin, Yusuo aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 76(2019), 1 vom: März, Seite 73-88 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:76 year:2019 number:1 month:03 pages:73-88 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_601 AR 76 2019 1 03 73-88 |
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10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z doi (DE-627)OLC2061780873 (DE-He213)s10874-019-09388-z-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 540 VZ Zhang, Xiaoyu verfasserin aut Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China 2019 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. Fine particles Water soluble inorganic ions Seasonal variation Principal component analysis Nanjing Zhao, Xin aut Ji, Guixiang aut Ying, Rongrong aut Shan, Yanhong aut Lin, Yusuo aut Enthalten in Journal of atmospheric chemistry Springer Netherlands, 1983 76(2019), 1 vom: März, Seite 73-88 (DE-627)130612650 (DE-600)793876-7 (DE-576)016123026 0167-7764 nnns volume:76 year:2019 number:1 month:03 pages:73-88 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-019-09388-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_601 AR 76 2019 1 03 73-88 |
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seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in $ pm_{2.5} $ in nanjing, a megacity in southeastern china |
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Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China |
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Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 |
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Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 |
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Abstract Daily $ PM_{2.5} $ samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions ($ F^{−} $, $ Cl^{−} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, $ NO_{3} $−, $ Na^{+} $, $ NH_{4} $+, $ K^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $ and $ Ca^{2+} $) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $. The mass concentrations of daily $ PM_{2.5} $ ranged from 31.0 to 242.9 μg $ m^{−3} $, with an annual average and standard deviation of 94.4 ± 31.1 μg $ m^{−3} $. The highest seasonal average of $ PM_{2.5} $ concentrations was observed during winter (108.5 ± 31.8 μg $ m^{−3} $), and the lowest average was observed during summer (85.0 ± 22.6 μg $ m^{−3} $). The annual average concentration of total water soluble inorganic ions was 39.82 μg $ m^{−3} $, accounting for 44.4% of the $ PM_{2.5} $. The seasonal variation in water soluble inorganic ions in $ PM_{2.5} $ reached its maximum during autumn and reached its minimum during spring. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were the dominant water soluble inorganic species, with their combined proportion of 82.0% of the total water soluble inorganic ions and 36.8% of the fine particles. Seasonal variations in aerosol acidity and chemical forms of secondary inorganic ions were discussed. The average ratio of $ NO_{3} $−/$ SO_{4} $2− was 0.95. According to the results of principal component analysis, secondary sources, burning processes, and airborne dust were the dominant potential sources of $ PM_{2.5} $ in Nanjing. © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 |
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