Effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites
Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to i...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Xu, Hockin H. K. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2002 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of materials science / Materials in medicine - Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990, 13(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 875-883 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:13 ; year:2002 ; number:9 ; month:09 ; pages:875-883 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1023/A:1016504530133 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Thermal Cycling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thermal Cycle | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Filler Level | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Composite Strength | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Confidence Coefficient | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Eichmiller, Frederick C. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Smith, Douglas T. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schumacher, Gary E. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Giuseppetti, Anthony A. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Antonucci, Joseph M. |4 aut | |
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10.1023/A:1016504530133 doi (DE-627)OLC206679564X (DE-He213)A:1016504530133-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 670 VZ Xu, Hockin H. K. verfasserin aut Effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. Thermal Cycling Thermal Cycle Filler Level Composite Strength Confidence Coefficient Eichmiller, Frederick C. aut Smith, Douglas T. aut Schumacher, Gary E. aut Giuseppetti, Anthony A. aut Antonucci, Joseph M. aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science / Materials in medicine Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 13(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 875-883 (DE-627)130865028 (DE-600)1031752-1 (DE-576)023107537 0957-4530 nnns volume:13 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:875-883 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016504530133 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 13 2002 9 09 875-883 |
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10.1023/A:1016504530133 doi (DE-627)OLC206679564X (DE-He213)A:1016504530133-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 670 VZ Xu, Hockin H. K. verfasserin aut Effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. Thermal Cycling Thermal Cycle Filler Level Composite Strength Confidence Coefficient Eichmiller, Frederick C. aut Smith, Douglas T. aut Schumacher, Gary E. aut Giuseppetti, Anthony A. aut Antonucci, Joseph M. aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science / Materials in medicine Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 13(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 875-883 (DE-627)130865028 (DE-600)1031752-1 (DE-576)023107537 0957-4530 nnns volume:13 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:875-883 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016504530133 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 13 2002 9 09 875-883 |
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10.1023/A:1016504530133 doi (DE-627)OLC206679564X (DE-He213)A:1016504530133-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 670 VZ Xu, Hockin H. K. verfasserin aut Effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. Thermal Cycling Thermal Cycle Filler Level Composite Strength Confidence Coefficient Eichmiller, Frederick C. aut Smith, Douglas T. aut Schumacher, Gary E. aut Giuseppetti, Anthony A. aut Antonucci, Joseph M. aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science / Materials in medicine Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 13(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 875-883 (DE-627)130865028 (DE-600)1031752-1 (DE-576)023107537 0957-4530 nnns volume:13 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:875-883 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016504530133 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 13 2002 9 09 875-883 |
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10.1023/A:1016504530133 doi (DE-627)OLC206679564X (DE-He213)A:1016504530133-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 670 VZ Xu, Hockin H. K. verfasserin aut Effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. Thermal Cycling Thermal Cycle Filler Level Composite Strength Confidence Coefficient Eichmiller, Frederick C. aut Smith, Douglas T. aut Schumacher, Gary E. aut Giuseppetti, Anthony A. aut Antonucci, Joseph M. aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science / Materials in medicine Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 13(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 875-883 (DE-627)130865028 (DE-600)1031752-1 (DE-576)023107537 0957-4530 nnns volume:13 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:875-883 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016504530133 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 13 2002 9 09 875-883 |
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10.1023/A:1016504530133 doi (DE-627)OLC206679564X (DE-He213)A:1016504530133-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 670 VZ Xu, Hockin H. K. verfasserin aut Effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites 2002 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. Thermal Cycling Thermal Cycle Filler Level Composite Strength Confidence Coefficient Eichmiller, Frederick C. aut Smith, Douglas T. aut Schumacher, Gary E. aut Giuseppetti, Anthony A. aut Antonucci, Joseph M. aut Enthalten in Journal of materials science / Materials in medicine Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 13(2002), 9 vom: Sept., Seite 875-883 (DE-627)130865028 (DE-600)1031752-1 (DE-576)023107537 0957-4530 nnns volume:13 year:2002 number:9 month:09 pages:875-883 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016504530133 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4323 AR 13 2002 9 09 875-883 |
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K.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2002</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. 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effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites |
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Effect of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced dental resin composites |
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Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 |
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Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 |
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Abstract The mechanical properties of dental resin composites need to be improved in order to extend their use to high stress-bearing applications such as crown and bridge restorations. Recent studies used single crystal ceramic whiskers to reinforce dental composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thermal cycling on whisker-reinforced composites. It was hypothesized that the whisker composites would not show a reduction in mechanical properties or the breakdown of whisker–resin interface after thermal cycling. Silicon carbide whiskers were mixed with silica particles, thermally fused, then silanized and incorporated into resin to make flexural specimens. The filler mass fraction ranged from 0% to 70%. The specimens were thermal cycled in 5 °C and 60 °C water baths, and then fractured in three-point bending to measure strength. Nano-indentation was used to measure modulus and hardness. No significant loss in composite strength, modulus and hardness was found after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles (family confidence coefficient=0.95; Tukey's multiple comparison test). The strength of whisker composite increased with filler level up to 60%, then plateaued when filler level was further increased to 70%; the modulus and hardness increased monotonically with filler level. The strength and modulus of whisker composite at 70% filler level were significantly higher than the non-whisker controls both before and after thermal cycling. SEM revealed no separation at the whisker–matrix interfaces, and observed resin remnants on the pulled-out whiskers, indicating strong whisker–resin bonding even after $ 10^{5} $ thermal cycles. In conclusion, novel dental resin composites containing silica-fused whiskers possessed superior strength and modulus compared to non-whisker composites both before and after thermal cycling. The whisker–resin bonding appeared to be resistant to thermal cycling in water, so that no loss in composite strength or stiffness occurred after prolonged thermal cycling. © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002 |
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