Detergent-hard water interactions in machine dishwashing
Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicat...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Vance, Robert F. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
1969 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© AOCS Press 1970 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society - Springer-Verlag, 1947, 46(1969), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 639-641 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:46 ; year:1969 ; number:12 ; month:12 ; pages:639-641 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/BF02540618 |
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OLC2068036517 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicate, probably calcium metasilicate, as well. Systematic variation of detergent concentration and of water hardness allows construction of a response surface describing conditions of maximum and minimum rates of film formation. The extent of film formation is minimized when the ionic ratio of Ca or Mg or both to tripolyphosphate is 1:1 and maximized when the ratio is 5:2. These ratios correspond to the 1:1 chelate and the uncharged precipitate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2, respectively. The implications of this treatment to other detergency processes are also considered. | ||
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10.1007/BF02540618 doi (DE-627)OLC2068036517 (DE-He213)BF02540618-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 VZ Vance, Robert F. verfasserin aut Detergent-hard water interactions in machine dishwashing 1969 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © AOCS Press 1970 Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicate, probably calcium metasilicate, as well. Systematic variation of detergent concentration and of water hardness allows construction of a response surface describing conditions of maximum and minimum rates of film formation. The extent of film formation is minimized when the ionic ratio of Ca or Mg or both to tripolyphosphate is 1:1 and maximized when the ratio is 5:2. These ratios correspond to the 1:1 chelate and the uncharged precipitate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2, respectively. The implications of this treatment to other detergency processes are also considered. Response Surface Film Formation Water Hardness Total Hardness Ionic Ratio Enthalten in Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society Springer-Verlag, 1947 46(1969), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 639-641 (DE-627)129595691 (DE-600)240684-6 (DE-576)015088715 0003-021X nnns volume:46 year:1969 number:12 month:12 pages:639-641 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540618 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_26 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4036 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4315 AR 46 1969 12 12 639-641 |
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10.1007/BF02540618 doi (DE-627)OLC2068036517 (DE-He213)BF02540618-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 VZ Vance, Robert F. verfasserin aut Detergent-hard water interactions in machine dishwashing 1969 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © AOCS Press 1970 Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicate, probably calcium metasilicate, as well. Systematic variation of detergent concentration and of water hardness allows construction of a response surface describing conditions of maximum and minimum rates of film formation. The extent of film formation is minimized when the ionic ratio of Ca or Mg or both to tripolyphosphate is 1:1 and maximized when the ratio is 5:2. These ratios correspond to the 1:1 chelate and the uncharged precipitate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2, respectively. The implications of this treatment to other detergency processes are also considered. Response Surface Film Formation Water Hardness Total Hardness Ionic Ratio Enthalten in Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society Springer-Verlag, 1947 46(1969), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 639-641 (DE-627)129595691 (DE-600)240684-6 (DE-576)015088715 0003-021X nnns volume:46 year:1969 number:12 month:12 pages:639-641 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540618 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_26 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4036 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4315 AR 46 1969 12 12 639-641 |
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10.1007/BF02540618 doi (DE-627)OLC2068036517 (DE-He213)BF02540618-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 VZ Vance, Robert F. verfasserin aut Detergent-hard water interactions in machine dishwashing 1969 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © AOCS Press 1970 Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicate, probably calcium metasilicate, as well. Systematic variation of detergent concentration and of water hardness allows construction of a response surface describing conditions of maximum and minimum rates of film formation. The extent of film formation is minimized when the ionic ratio of Ca or Mg or both to tripolyphosphate is 1:1 and maximized when the ratio is 5:2. These ratios correspond to the 1:1 chelate and the uncharged precipitate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2, respectively. The implications of this treatment to other detergency processes are also considered. Response Surface Film Formation Water Hardness Total Hardness Ionic Ratio Enthalten in Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society Springer-Verlag, 1947 46(1969), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 639-641 (DE-627)129595691 (DE-600)240684-6 (DE-576)015088715 0003-021X nnns volume:46 year:1969 number:12 month:12 pages:639-641 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540618 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_26 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4036 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4315 AR 46 1969 12 12 639-641 |
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10.1007/BF02540618 doi (DE-627)OLC2068036517 (DE-He213)BF02540618-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 660 VZ Vance, Robert F. verfasserin aut Detergent-hard water interactions in machine dishwashing 1969 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © AOCS Press 1970 Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicate, probably calcium metasilicate, as well. Systematic variation of detergent concentration and of water hardness allows construction of a response surface describing conditions of maximum and minimum rates of film formation. The extent of film formation is minimized when the ionic ratio of Ca or Mg or both to tripolyphosphate is 1:1 and maximized when the ratio is 5:2. These ratios correspond to the 1:1 chelate and the uncharged precipitate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2, respectively. The implications of this treatment to other detergency processes are also considered. Response Surface Film Formation Water Hardness Total Hardness Ionic Ratio Enthalten in Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society Springer-Verlag, 1947 46(1969), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 639-641 (DE-627)129595691 (DE-600)240684-6 (DE-576)015088715 0003-021X nnns volume:46 year:1969 number:12 month:12 pages:639-641 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540618 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_26 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4029 GBV_ILN_4036 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4315 AR 46 1969 12 12 639-641 |
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detergent-hard water interactions in machine dishwashing |
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Detergent-hard water interactions in machine dishwashing |
| abstract |
Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicate, probably calcium metasilicate, as well. Systematic variation of detergent concentration and of water hardness allows construction of a response surface describing conditions of maximum and minimum rates of film formation. The extent of film formation is minimized when the ionic ratio of Ca or Mg or both to tripolyphosphate is 1:1 and maximized when the ratio is 5:2. These ratios correspond to the 1:1 chelate and the uncharged precipitate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2, respectively. The implications of this treatment to other detergency processes are also considered. © AOCS Press 1970 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicate, probably calcium metasilicate, as well. Systematic variation of detergent concentration and of water hardness allows construction of a response surface describing conditions of maximum and minimum rates of film formation. The extent of film formation is minimized when the ionic ratio of Ca or Mg or both to tripolyphosphate is 1:1 and maximized when the ratio is 5:2. These ratios correspond to the 1:1 chelate and the uncharged precipitate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2, respectively. The implications of this treatment to other detergency processes are also considered. © AOCS Press 1970 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Insufficient detergent concentration has recently been recognized as a major contributor to film formation on glassware in machine dishwashing. The film is shown to consist largely of calcium tripolyphosphate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2; evidence is cited for the presence of a silicate, probably calcium metasilicate, as well. Systematic variation of detergent concentration and of water hardness allows construction of a response surface describing conditions of maximum and minimum rates of film formation. The extent of film formation is minimized when the ionic ratio of Ca or Mg or both to tripolyphosphate is 1:1 and maximized when the ratio is 5:2. These ratios correspond to the 1:1 chelate and the uncharged precipitate, $ Ca_{5} $($ P_{3} $$ O_{10} $)2, respectively. The implications of this treatment to other detergency processes are also considered. © AOCS Press 1970 |
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12 |
| title_short |
Detergent-hard water interactions in machine dishwashing |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540618 |
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| up_date |
2024-07-03T17:23:41.991Z |
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