The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations

Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Watermann, J. [verfasserIn] de la Beaujardière, O. Lummerzheim, D. Woch, J. Newell, P. T. Potemra, T. A. Rich, F. J. Shapshak, M.

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	1994

Schlagwörter:	Interplanetary Magnetic Field Geomagnetic Field Ionospheric Response Electric Field Measurement Invariant Latitude

Anmerkung:	© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Annales geophysicae - Springer-Verlag, 1983, 12(1994), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 1144-1157
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:1994 ; number:12 ; month:12 ; pages:1144-1157

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7

Katalog-ID:	OLC2071778006

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520			\|a Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field.
650		4	\|a Interplanetary Magnetic Field
650		4	\|a Geomagnetic Field
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650		4	\|a Electric Field Measurement
650		4	\|a Invariant Latitude
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700	1		\|a Potemra, T. A. \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Rich, F. J. \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Shapshak, M. \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2071778006 (DE-He213)s00585-994-1144-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Watermann, J. verfasserin aut The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. Interplanetary Magnetic Field Geomagnetic Field Ionospheric Response Electric Field Measurement Invariant Latitude de la Beaujardière, O. aut Lummerzheim, D. aut Woch, J. aut Newell, P. T. aut Potemra, T. A. aut Rich, F. J. aut Shapshak, M. aut Enthalten in Annales geophysicae Springer-Verlag, 1983 12(1994), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 1144-1157 (DE-627)129620742 (DE-600)246086-5 (DE-576)01512696X 0992-7689 nnns volume:12 year:1994 number:12 month:12 pages:1144-1157 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4027 GBV_ILN_4038 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4317 AR 12 1994 12 12 1144-1157
spelling	10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2071778006 (DE-He213)s00585-994-1144-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Watermann, J. verfasserin aut The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. Interplanetary Magnetic Field Geomagnetic Field Ionospheric Response Electric Field Measurement Invariant Latitude de la Beaujardière, O. aut Lummerzheim, D. aut Woch, J. aut Newell, P. T. aut Potemra, T. A. aut Rich, F. J. aut Shapshak, M. aut Enthalten in Annales geophysicae Springer-Verlag, 1983 12(1994), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 1144-1157 (DE-627)129620742 (DE-600)246086-5 (DE-576)01512696X 0992-7689 nnns volume:12 year:1994 number:12 month:12 pages:1144-1157 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4027 GBV_ILN_4038 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4317 AR 12 1994 12 12 1144-1157
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2071778006 (DE-He213)s00585-994-1144-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Watermann, J. verfasserin aut The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. Interplanetary Magnetic Field Geomagnetic Field Ionospheric Response Electric Field Measurement Invariant Latitude de la Beaujardière, O. aut Lummerzheim, D. aut Woch, J. aut Newell, P. T. aut Potemra, T. A. aut Rich, F. J. aut Shapshak, M. aut Enthalten in Annales geophysicae Springer-Verlag, 1983 12(1994), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 1144-1157 (DE-627)129620742 (DE-600)246086-5 (DE-576)01512696X 0992-7689 nnns volume:12 year:1994 number:12 month:12 pages:1144-1157 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4027 GBV_ILN_4038 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4317 AR 12 1994 12 12 1144-1157
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2071778006 (DE-He213)s00585-994-1144-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Watermann, J. verfasserin aut The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. Interplanetary Magnetic Field Geomagnetic Field Ionospheric Response Electric Field Measurement Invariant Latitude de la Beaujardière, O. aut Lummerzheim, D. aut Woch, J. aut Newell, P. T. aut Potemra, T. A. aut Rich, F. J. aut Shapshak, M. aut Enthalten in Annales geophysicae Springer-Verlag, 1983 12(1994), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 1144-1157 (DE-627)129620742 (DE-600)246086-5 (DE-576)01512696X 0992-7689 nnns volume:12 year:1994 number:12 month:12 pages:1144-1157 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4027 GBV_ILN_4038 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4317 AR 12 1994 12 12 1144-1157
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 doi (DE-627)OLC2071778006 (DE-He213)s00585-994-1144-7-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Watermann, J. verfasserin aut The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations 1994 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. Interplanetary Magnetic Field Geomagnetic Field Ionospheric Response Electric Field Measurement Invariant Latitude de la Beaujardière, O. aut Lummerzheim, D. aut Woch, J. aut Newell, P. T. aut Potemra, T. A. aut Rich, F. J. aut Shapshak, M. aut Enthalten in Annales geophysicae Springer-Verlag, 1983 12(1994), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 1144-1157 (DE-627)129620742 (DE-600)246086-5 (DE-576)01512696X 0992-7689 nnns volume:12 year:1994 number:12 month:12 pages:1144-1157 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1144-7 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4027 GBV_ILN_4038 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4317 AR 12 1994 12 12 1144-1157
language	English
source	Enthalten in Annales geophysicae 12(1994), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 1144-1157 volume:12 year:1994 number:12 month:12 pages:1144-1157
sourceStr	Enthalten in Annales geophysicae 12(1994), 12 vom: Dez., Seite 1144-1157 volume:12 year:1994 number:12 month:12 pages:1144-1157
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Interplanetary Magnetic Field Geomagnetic Field Ionospheric Response Electric Field Measurement Invariant Latitude
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container_title	Annales geophysicae
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Watermann, J. @@aut@@ de la Beaujardière, O. @@aut@@ Lummerzheim, D. @@aut@@ Woch, J. @@aut@@ Newell, P. T. @@aut@@ Potemra, T. A. @@aut@@ Rich, F. J. @@aut@@ Shapshak, M. @@aut@@
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author	Watermann, J.
spellingShingle	Watermann, J. ddc 550 ssgn 16,13 misc Interplanetary Magnetic Field misc Geomagnetic Field misc Ionospheric Response misc Electric Field Measurement misc Invariant Latitude The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations
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topic_title	550 VZ 16,13 ssgn The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations Interplanetary Magnetic Field Geomagnetic Field Ionospheric Response Electric Field Measurement Invariant Latitude
topic	ddc 550 ssgn 16,13 misc Interplanetary Magnetic Field misc Geomagnetic Field misc Ionospheric Response misc Electric Field Measurement misc Invariant Latitude
topic_unstemmed	ddc 550 ssgn 16,13 misc Interplanetary Magnetic Field misc Geomagnetic Field misc Ionospheric Response misc Electric Field Measurement misc Invariant Latitude
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title	The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations
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title_full	The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations
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author_browse	Watermann, J. de la Beaujardière, O. Lummerzheim, D. Woch, J. Newell, P. T. Potemra, T. A. Rich, F. J. Shapshak, M.
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title_sort	the dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing viking, dmsp-f7, and sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations
title_auth	The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations
abstract	Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994
abstractGer	Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Coincident multi-instrument magnetospheric and ionospheric observations have made it possible to determine the position of the ionospheric footprint of the magnetospheric cusp and to monitor its evolution over time. The data used include charged particle and magnetic field measurements from the Earth-orbiting Viking and DMSP-F7 satellites, electric field measurements from Viking, interplanetary magnetic field and plasma data from IMP-8, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations of the ionospheric plasma density, temperature, and convection. Viking detected cusp precipitation poleward of 75.5○ invariant latitude. The ionospheric response to the observed electron precipitation was simulated using an auroral model. It predicts enhanced plasma density and elevated electron temperature in the upper E- and F-regions. Sondrestrom radar observations are in agreement with the predictions. The radar detected a cusp signature on each of five consecutive antenna elevation scans covering 1.2 h local time. The cusp appeared to be about 2○ invariant latitude wide, and its ionospheric footprint shifted equatorward by nearly 2○ during this time, possibly influenced by an overall decrease in the IMF Bz component. The radar plasma drift data and the Viking magnetic and electric field data suggest that the cusp was associated with a continuous, rather than a patchy, merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994
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title_short	The dynamic cusp at low altitudes: a case study utilizing Viking, DMSP-F7, and Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar observations
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