Early Stage of Elevated Fires in an Aircraft Cargo Compartment: A Full Scale Experimental Investigation
Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical ph...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Wang, Jie [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Fire technology - Springer US, 1965, 51(2015), 5 vom: 18. März, Seite 1129-1147 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:51 ; year:2015 ; number:5 ; day:18 ; month:03 ; pages:1129-1147 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2072761964 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. | ||
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10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2072761964 (DE-He213)s10694-015-0475-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 620 VZ Wang, Jie verfasserin aut Early Stage of Elevated Fires in an Aircraft Cargo Compartment: A Full Scale Experimental Investigation 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. Aircraft cargo compartment Elevated fire Fire detector Gas temperature profile Gas concentration Lu, Song aut Hu, Yang aut Zhang, Heping aut Lo, Siuming aut Enthalten in Fire technology Springer US, 1965 51(2015), 5 vom: 18. März, Seite 1129-1147 (DE-627)130411485 (DE-600)622603-6 (DE-576)028033434 0015-2684 nnns volume:51 year:2015 number:5 day:18 month:03 pages:1129-1147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 AR 51 2015 5 18 03 1129-1147 |
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10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2072761964 (DE-He213)s10694-015-0475-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 620 VZ Wang, Jie verfasserin aut Early Stage of Elevated Fires in an Aircraft Cargo Compartment: A Full Scale Experimental Investigation 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. Aircraft cargo compartment Elevated fire Fire detector Gas temperature profile Gas concentration Lu, Song aut Hu, Yang aut Zhang, Heping aut Lo, Siuming aut Enthalten in Fire technology Springer US, 1965 51(2015), 5 vom: 18. März, Seite 1129-1147 (DE-627)130411485 (DE-600)622603-6 (DE-576)028033434 0015-2684 nnns volume:51 year:2015 number:5 day:18 month:03 pages:1129-1147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 AR 51 2015 5 18 03 1129-1147 |
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10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2072761964 (DE-He213)s10694-015-0475-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 620 VZ Wang, Jie verfasserin aut Early Stage of Elevated Fires in an Aircraft Cargo Compartment: A Full Scale Experimental Investigation 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. Aircraft cargo compartment Elevated fire Fire detector Gas temperature profile Gas concentration Lu, Song aut Hu, Yang aut Zhang, Heping aut Lo, Siuming aut Enthalten in Fire technology Springer US, 1965 51(2015), 5 vom: 18. März, Seite 1129-1147 (DE-627)130411485 (DE-600)622603-6 (DE-576)028033434 0015-2684 nnns volume:51 year:2015 number:5 day:18 month:03 pages:1129-1147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 AR 51 2015 5 18 03 1129-1147 |
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10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2072761964 (DE-He213)s10694-015-0475-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 620 VZ Wang, Jie verfasserin aut Early Stage of Elevated Fires in an Aircraft Cargo Compartment: A Full Scale Experimental Investigation 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. Aircraft cargo compartment Elevated fire Fire detector Gas temperature profile Gas concentration Lu, Song aut Hu, Yang aut Zhang, Heping aut Lo, Siuming aut Enthalten in Fire technology Springer US, 1965 51(2015), 5 vom: 18. März, Seite 1129-1147 (DE-627)130411485 (DE-600)622603-6 (DE-576)028033434 0015-2684 nnns volume:51 year:2015 number:5 day:18 month:03 pages:1129-1147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 AR 51 2015 5 18 03 1129-1147 |
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10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2072761964 (DE-He213)s10694-015-0475-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 620 VZ Wang, Jie verfasserin aut Early Stage of Elevated Fires in an Aircraft Cargo Compartment: A Full Scale Experimental Investigation 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. Aircraft cargo compartment Elevated fire Fire detector Gas temperature profile Gas concentration Lu, Song aut Hu, Yang aut Zhang, Heping aut Lo, Siuming aut Enthalten in Fire technology Springer US, 1965 51(2015), 5 vom: 18. März, Seite 1129-1147 (DE-627)130411485 (DE-600)622603-6 (DE-576)028033434 0015-2684 nnns volume:51 year:2015 number:5 day:18 month:03 pages:1129-1147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 AR 51 2015 5 18 03 1129-1147 |
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early stage of elevated fires in an aircraft cargo compartment: a full scale experimental investigation |
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Early Stage of Elevated Fires in an Aircraft Cargo Compartment: A Full Scale Experimental Investigation |
| abstract |
Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the elevated fires using the metrics of smoke distribution and changes in fire signals at the early stage, which affect activation of fire detectors. Most previous works on elevated fires in compartments are mainly concerned with physical phenomena of fully-developed fires. However, fire signals at initial 60 s are key parameters for aircraft cargo fire detection. A series of elevated fires were conducted in a simulated Boeing 737–700 forward cargo compartment. The fuel mass loss rate, the vertical and ceiling temperature, gas concentrations and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that the smoke layer interface remains constant for various fuel pan elevation heights and no clear smoke stratification phenomenon is observed during the early stage, nevertheless, the first indication of smoke has been raised. The ceiling temperature rise is attenuated at different rates for various elevations with an exponential model proposed in ceiling temperature distributions for early stage fires. 60 s after ignition of the elevated fires, compared to non-elevated fires, CO/$ CO_{2} $ concentrations increase by at least 3.73/1.49 times and $ O_{2} $ concentration decreases by 2.5 times. The RH increases at the early stage. These experimental results can be used to inform the selection of optimum sensors, to develop appropriate detection algorithms and to optimize the number and location of fire detectors. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 |
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| title_short |
Early Stage of Elevated Fires in an Aircraft Cargo Compartment: A Full Scale Experimental Investigation |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 |
| remote_bool |
false |
| author2 |
Lu, Song Hu, Yang Zhang, Heping Lo, Siuming |
| author2Str |
Lu, Song Hu, Yang Zhang, Heping Lo, Siuming |
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130411485 |
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| doi_str |
10.1007/s10694-015-0475-0 |
| up_date |
2024-07-03T16:05:30.217Z |
| _version_ |
1803574554363166720 |
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