In situ ESEM observations of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) during heat treatment
Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain a...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Bernabei, Mauro [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2016 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Wood science and technology - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1967, 50(2016), 4 vom: 15. März, Seite 715-726 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:50 ; year:2016 ; number:4 ; day:15 ; month:03 ; pages:715-726 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 |
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OLC2073076858 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. | ||
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10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2073076858 (DE-He213)s00226-016-0808-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ 23 ssgn Bernabei, Mauro verfasserin aut In situ ESEM observations of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) during heat treatment 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope Cell Wall Thickness Cell Lumen Compound Middle Lamella Anatomical Element Salvatici, Maria Cristina aut Enthalten in Wood science and technology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1967 50(2016), 4 vom: 15. März, Seite 715-726 (DE-627)129600679 (DE-600)241313-9 (DE-576)015094227 0043-7719 nnns volume:50 year:2016 number:4 day:15 month:03 pages:715-726 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2542 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 50 2016 4 15 03 715-726 |
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10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2073076858 (DE-He213)s00226-016-0808-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ 23 ssgn Bernabei, Mauro verfasserin aut In situ ESEM observations of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) during heat treatment 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope Cell Wall Thickness Cell Lumen Compound Middle Lamella Anatomical Element Salvatici, Maria Cristina aut Enthalten in Wood science and technology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1967 50(2016), 4 vom: 15. März, Seite 715-726 (DE-627)129600679 (DE-600)241313-9 (DE-576)015094227 0043-7719 nnns volume:50 year:2016 number:4 day:15 month:03 pages:715-726 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2542 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 50 2016 4 15 03 715-726 |
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10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2073076858 (DE-He213)s00226-016-0808-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ 23 ssgn Bernabei, Mauro verfasserin aut In situ ESEM observations of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) during heat treatment 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope Cell Wall Thickness Cell Lumen Compound Middle Lamella Anatomical Element Salvatici, Maria Cristina aut Enthalten in Wood science and technology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1967 50(2016), 4 vom: 15. März, Seite 715-726 (DE-627)129600679 (DE-600)241313-9 (DE-576)015094227 0043-7719 nnns volume:50 year:2016 number:4 day:15 month:03 pages:715-726 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2542 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 50 2016 4 15 03 715-726 |
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10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2073076858 (DE-He213)s00226-016-0808-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ 23 ssgn Bernabei, Mauro verfasserin aut In situ ESEM observations of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) during heat treatment 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope Cell Wall Thickness Cell Lumen Compound Middle Lamella Anatomical Element Salvatici, Maria Cristina aut Enthalten in Wood science and technology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1967 50(2016), 4 vom: 15. März, Seite 715-726 (DE-627)129600679 (DE-600)241313-9 (DE-576)015094227 0043-7719 nnns volume:50 year:2016 number:4 day:15 month:03 pages:715-726 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2542 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 50 2016 4 15 03 715-726 |
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10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 doi (DE-627)OLC2073076858 (DE-He213)s00226-016-0808-2-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 670 VZ 23 ssgn Bernabei, Mauro verfasserin aut In situ ESEM observations of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) during heat treatment 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope Cell Wall Thickness Cell Lumen Compound Middle Lamella Anatomical Element Salvatici, Maria Cristina aut Enthalten in Wood science and technology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1967 50(2016), 4 vom: 15. März, Seite 715-726 (DE-627)129600679 (DE-600)241313-9 (DE-576)015094227 0043-7719 nnns volume:50 year:2016 number:4 day:15 month:03 pages:715-726 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2542 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 50 2016 4 15 03 715-726 |
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In situ ESEM observations of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) during heat treatment |
| abstract |
Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with a hot stage was used to investigate how the anatomical features of spruce wood respond to heating in vacuum conditions. The ESEM allowed for continuously observing the swelling, shrinkage, and other deformations of certain anatomical elements during heating. Observations showed that, as the temperature increases, there is a slight initial swelling due to thermal expansion of wood and steam and gas release from the cell wall, up to a threshold of 90–100 °C. Subsequently, the size of the various anatomical elements remained stable up to 200 °C, after which the cell walls withdrew and deformed. There were few significant differences between earlywood and latewood, while the deformation of cell lumen was strongly influenced by the dimension and the arrangement of the walls that surrounded them. None of the observed cracks was directly attributable to the impact of increased heat. Nevertheless, existing intercellular spaces strongly increased in size, arriving to grow up to 300 % of the initial dimension. These results emphasize the importance of sound starting materials to avoid defects in the treated samples. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 |
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| container_issue |
4 |
| title_short |
In situ ESEM observations of spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) during heat treatment |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 |
| remote_bool |
false |
| author2 |
Salvatici, Maria Cristina |
| author2Str |
Salvatici, Maria Cristina |
| ppnlink |
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| doi_str |
10.1007/s00226-016-0808-2 |
| up_date |
2024-07-03T17:11:09.780Z |
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1803578685292281856 |
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