Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level

Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location meas...
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Autor*in:	Schüz, Joachim [verfasserIn] Grigat, Jan-Peter Störmer, Bernd Rippin, Gerd Brinkmann, Karl Michaelis, Jörg

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2000

Schlagwörter:	Magnetic Field High Magnetic Field Traffic Density Childhood Leukemia Power Load

Anmerkung:	© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Radiation and environmental biophysics - Springer-Verlag, 1974, 39(2000), 4 vom: Dez., Seite 233-240
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:39 ; year:2000 ; number:4 ; month:12 ; pages:233-240

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s004110000068

Katalog-ID:	OLC2075414297

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520			\|a Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences.
650		4	\|a Magnetic Field
650		4	\|a High Magnetic Field
650		4	\|a Traffic Density
650		4	\|a Childhood Leukemia
650		4	\|a Power Load
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700	1		\|a Störmer, Bernd \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Rippin, Gerd \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Brinkmann, Karl \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Michaelis, Jörg \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/s004110000068 doi (DE-627)OLC2075414297 (DE-He213)s004110000068-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Schüz, Joachim verfasserin aut Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level 2000 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences. Magnetic Field High Magnetic Field Traffic Density Childhood Leukemia Power Load Grigat, Jan-Peter aut Störmer, Bernd aut Rippin, Gerd aut Brinkmann, Karl aut Michaelis, Jörg aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 39(2000), 4 vom: Dez., Seite 233-240 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:39 year:2000 number:4 month:12 pages:233-240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004110000068 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 39 2000 4 12 233-240
spelling	10.1007/s004110000068 doi (DE-627)OLC2075414297 (DE-He213)s004110000068-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Schüz, Joachim verfasserin aut Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level 2000 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences. Magnetic Field High Magnetic Field Traffic Density Childhood Leukemia Power Load Grigat, Jan-Peter aut Störmer, Bernd aut Rippin, Gerd aut Brinkmann, Karl aut Michaelis, Jörg aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 39(2000), 4 vom: Dez., Seite 233-240 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:39 year:2000 number:4 month:12 pages:233-240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004110000068 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 39 2000 4 12 233-240
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s004110000068 doi (DE-627)OLC2075414297 (DE-He213)s004110000068-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Schüz, Joachim verfasserin aut Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level 2000 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences. Magnetic Field High Magnetic Field Traffic Density Childhood Leukemia Power Load Grigat, Jan-Peter aut Störmer, Bernd aut Rippin, Gerd aut Brinkmann, Karl aut Michaelis, Jörg aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 39(2000), 4 vom: Dez., Seite 233-240 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:39 year:2000 number:4 month:12 pages:233-240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004110000068 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 39 2000 4 12 233-240
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s004110000068 doi (DE-627)OLC2075414297 (DE-He213)s004110000068-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Schüz, Joachim verfasserin aut Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level 2000 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences. Magnetic Field High Magnetic Field Traffic Density Childhood Leukemia Power Load Grigat, Jan-Peter aut Störmer, Bernd aut Rippin, Gerd aut Brinkmann, Karl aut Michaelis, Jörg aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 39(2000), 4 vom: Dez., Seite 233-240 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:39 year:2000 number:4 month:12 pages:233-240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004110000068 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 39 2000 4 12 233-240
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s004110000068 doi (DE-627)OLC2075414297 (DE-He213)s004110000068-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Schüz, Joachim verfasserin aut Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level 2000 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences. Magnetic Field High Magnetic Field Traffic Density Childhood Leukemia Power Load Grigat, Jan-Peter aut Störmer, Bernd aut Rippin, Gerd aut Brinkmann, Karl aut Michaelis, Jörg aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 39(2000), 4 vom: Dez., Seite 233-240 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:39 year:2000 number:4 month:12 pages:233-240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004110000068 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 39 2000 4 12 233-240
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source	Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics 39(2000), 4 vom: Dez., Seite 233-240 volume:39 year:2000 number:4 month:12 pages:233-240
sourceStr	Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics 39(2000), 4 vom: Dez., Seite 233-240 volume:39 year:2000 number:4 month:12 pages:233-240
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topic_facet	Magnetic Field High Magnetic Field Traffic Density Childhood Leukemia Power Load
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author	Schüz, Joachim
spellingShingle	Schüz, Joachim ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV misc Magnetic Field misc High Magnetic Field misc Traffic Density misc Childhood Leukemia misc Power Load Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level
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topic_title	570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level Magnetic Field High Magnetic Field Traffic Density Childhood Leukemia Power Load
topic	ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV misc Magnetic Field misc High Magnetic Field misc Traffic Density misc Childhood Leukemia misc Power Load
topic_unstemmed	ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV misc Magnetic Field misc High Magnetic Field misc Traffic Density misc Childhood Leukemia misc Power Load
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title	Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level
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title_full	Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level
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author_browse	Schüz, Joachim Grigat, Jan-Peter Störmer, Bernd Rippin, Gerd Brinkmann, Karl Michaelis, Jörg
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title_sort	extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in germany. distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level
title_auth	Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level
abstract	Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000
abstractGer	Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract We examined the results of 1,835 magnetic field measurements in German residences conducted between November 1997 and September 1999. The measurements were part of an epidemiological study on the relationship between magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. We performed a fixed-location measurement of the magnetic field at 50 Hz and 16 2/3 Hz (frequency of the German railway system) over 24 h in the child’s bedroom in the residence of each study participant. In addition, we conducted a second 24 h-measurement in the living room at 50 Hz, and spot measurements while walking through all rooms of the respective dwelling. Median 50 Hz magnetic fields above 0.2 µT were found to be infrequent in Germany (only 1.4% of all residences). Fields produced by high-voltage power lines (123–420 kV) were lower than expected: the median magnetic field was above 0.2 µT in only 8 (32.0%) of 25 residences located 50 m or closer to a high-voltage power line indicating that power lines in Germany are usually run well below the maximum power load. We found that magnetic fields were correlated with the type of residence and higher magnetic fields were measured in apartment buildings. There was also some evidence for a positive correlation between magnetic fields and traffic density and an inverse association between magnetic fields and family net income. The 24 h-magnetic field measurements correlated well with the spot measurements (r>0.7). However, when dichotomized with a cut-off point of 0.2 µT, there was only a poor agreement between the two measurement methods. A loss of the strength of the association after categorization was also observed when comparing the arithmetic mean and median of the same 24 h-measurement. In summary, these analyses give a valuable overview of magnetic field distributions in German residences. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000
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title_short	Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. Distribution of measurements, comparison of two methods for assessing exposure, and predictors for the occurrence of magnetic fields above background level
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