ROS release and Hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human um...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Lantow, M. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2006 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer-Verlag 2006 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Radiation and environmental biophysics - Springer-Verlag, 1974, 45(2006), 1 vom: 22. März, Seite 55-62 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:45 ; year:2006 ; number:1 ; day:22 ; month:03 ; pages:55-62 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 |
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OLC2075416605 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Reactive Oxygen Species Production | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human Monocyte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hsp70 Expression | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Specific Absorption Rate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Incubator Control | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lupke, M. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Frahm, J. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mattsson, M. O. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kuster, N. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Simko, M. |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2075416605 (DE-He213)s00411-006-0038-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Lantow, M. verfasserin aut ROS release and Hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes 2006 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. Reactive Oxygen Species Production Human Monocyte Hsp70 Expression Specific Absorption Rate Incubator Control Lupke, M. aut Frahm, J. aut Mattsson, M. O. aut Kuster, N. aut Simko, M. aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 45(2006), 1 vom: 22. März, Seite 55-62 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:45 year:2006 number:1 day:22 month:03 pages:55-62 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 45 2006 1 22 03 55-62 |
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10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2075416605 (DE-He213)s00411-006-0038-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Lantow, M. verfasserin aut ROS release and Hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes 2006 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. Reactive Oxygen Species Production Human Monocyte Hsp70 Expression Specific Absorption Rate Incubator Control Lupke, M. aut Frahm, J. aut Mattsson, M. O. aut Kuster, N. aut Simko, M. aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 45(2006), 1 vom: 22. März, Seite 55-62 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:45 year:2006 number:1 day:22 month:03 pages:55-62 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 45 2006 1 22 03 55-62 |
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10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2075416605 (DE-He213)s00411-006-0038-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Lantow, M. verfasserin aut ROS release and Hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes 2006 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. Reactive Oxygen Species Production Human Monocyte Hsp70 Expression Specific Absorption Rate Incubator Control Lupke, M. aut Frahm, J. aut Mattsson, M. O. aut Kuster, N. aut Simko, M. aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 45(2006), 1 vom: 22. März, Seite 55-62 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:45 year:2006 number:1 day:22 month:03 pages:55-62 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 45 2006 1 22 03 55-62 |
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10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2075416605 (DE-He213)s00411-006-0038-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Lantow, M. verfasserin aut ROS release and Hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes 2006 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. Reactive Oxygen Species Production Human Monocyte Hsp70 Expression Specific Absorption Rate Incubator Control Lupke, M. aut Frahm, J. aut Mattsson, M. O. aut Kuster, N. aut Simko, M. aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 45(2006), 1 vom: 22. März, Seite 55-62 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:45 year:2006 number:1 day:22 month:03 pages:55-62 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 45 2006 1 22 03 55-62 |
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10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 doi (DE-627)OLC2075416605 (DE-He213)s00411-006-0038-3-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 530 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Lantow, M. verfasserin aut ROS release and Hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes 2006 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. Reactive Oxygen Species Production Human Monocyte Hsp70 Expression Specific Absorption Rate Incubator Control Lupke, M. aut Frahm, J. aut Mattsson, M. O. aut Kuster, N. aut Simko, M. aut Enthalten in Radiation and environmental biophysics Springer-Verlag, 1974 45(2006), 1 vom: 22. März, Seite 55-62 (DE-627)129308528 (DE-600)124987-3 (DE-576)014507870 0301-634X nnns volume:45 year:2006 number:1 day:22 month:03 pages:55-62 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-006-0038-3 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 45 2006 1 22 03 55-62 |
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ros release and hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 mhz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes |
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ROS release and Hsp70 expression after exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes |
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Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. © Springer-Verlag 2006 |
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Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. © Springer-Verlag 2006 |
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Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate if 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and/or changes in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in human blood cells, using different exposure and co-exposure conditions. Human umbilical cord blood-derived monocytes and lymphocytes were used to examine ROS release after exposure to continuous wave or different GSM signals (GSM-DTX and GSM-Talk) at 2 W/kg for 30 or 45 min of continuous or intermittent (5 min ON/5 min OFF) exposure. The cells were exposed to incubator conditions, to sham, to RF-EMF, or to chemicals in parallel. Cell stimulation with the phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 1 μM) was used as positive control for ROS release. To investigate the effects on Hsp70 expression, the human monocytes were exposed to the GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 45 min, or to heat treatment (42°C) as positive control. ROS production and Hsp70 expression were determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data were compared to sham and/or to control values and the statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test (P<0.05). The PMA treatment induced a significant increase in ROS production in human monocytes and lymphocytes when the data were compared to sham or to incubator controls. After continuous or intermittent GSM-DTX signal exposure (2 W/kg), a significantly different ROS production was detected in human monocytes if the data were compared to sham. However, this significant difference appeared due to the lowered value of ROS release during sham exposure. In human lymphocytes, no differences could be detected if data were compared either to sham or to incubator control. The Hsp70 expression level after 0, 1, and 2 h post-exposure to GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg for 1 h did not show any differences compared to the incubator or to sham control. © Springer-Verlag 2006 |
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