The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins

Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends....
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Crane, Kathleen [verfasserIn] Aikman, Frank Foucher, Jean-Paul

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	1988

Schlagwörter:	East Pacific Rise heat flow diapirism

Anmerkung:	© Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Marine geophysical research - Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1970, 9(1988), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 211-236
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:1988 ; number:3 ; month:09 ; pages:211-236

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/BF00309974

Katalog-ID:	OLC2075540780

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520			\|a Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age).
650		4	\|a East Pacific Rise
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650		4	\|a diapirism
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700	1		\|a Foucher, Jean-Paul \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/BF00309974 doi (DE-627)OLC2075540780 (DE-He213)BF00309974-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Crane, Kathleen verfasserin aut The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins 1988 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988 Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age). East Pacific Rise heat flow diapirism Aikman, Frank aut Foucher, Jean-Paul aut Enthalten in Marine geophysical research Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1970 9(1988), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 211-236 (DE-627)129987603 (DE-600)414196-9 (DE-576)01554558X 0025-3235 nnns volume:9 year:1988 number:3 month:09 pages:211-236 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309974 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 AR 9 1988 3 09 211-236
spelling	10.1007/BF00309974 doi (DE-627)OLC2075540780 (DE-He213)BF00309974-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Crane, Kathleen verfasserin aut The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins 1988 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988 Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age). East Pacific Rise heat flow diapirism Aikman, Frank aut Foucher, Jean-Paul aut Enthalten in Marine geophysical research Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1970 9(1988), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 211-236 (DE-627)129987603 (DE-600)414196-9 (DE-576)01554558X 0025-3235 nnns volume:9 year:1988 number:3 month:09 pages:211-236 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309974 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 AR 9 1988 3 09 211-236
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/BF00309974 doi (DE-627)OLC2075540780 (DE-He213)BF00309974-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Crane, Kathleen verfasserin aut The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins 1988 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988 Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age). East Pacific Rise heat flow diapirism Aikman, Frank aut Foucher, Jean-Paul aut Enthalten in Marine geophysical research Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1970 9(1988), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 211-236 (DE-627)129987603 (DE-600)414196-9 (DE-576)01554558X 0025-3235 nnns volume:9 year:1988 number:3 month:09 pages:211-236 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309974 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 AR 9 1988 3 09 211-236
allfieldsGer	10.1007/BF00309974 doi (DE-627)OLC2075540780 (DE-He213)BF00309974-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Crane, Kathleen verfasserin aut The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins 1988 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988 Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age). East Pacific Rise heat flow diapirism Aikman, Frank aut Foucher, Jean-Paul aut Enthalten in Marine geophysical research Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1970 9(1988), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 211-236 (DE-627)129987603 (DE-600)414196-9 (DE-576)01554558X 0025-3235 nnns volume:9 year:1988 number:3 month:09 pages:211-236 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309974 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 AR 9 1988 3 09 211-236
allfieldsSound	10.1007/BF00309974 doi (DE-627)OLC2075540780 (DE-He213)BF00309974-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Crane, Kathleen verfasserin aut The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins 1988 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988 Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age). East Pacific Rise heat flow diapirism Aikman, Frank aut Foucher, Jean-Paul aut Enthalten in Marine geophysical research Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1970 9(1988), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 211-236 (DE-627)129987603 (DE-600)414196-9 (DE-576)01554558X 0025-3235 nnns volume:9 year:1988 number:3 month:09 pages:211-236 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309974 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 AR 9 1988 3 09 211-236
language	English
source	Enthalten in Marine geophysical research 9(1988), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 211-236 volume:9 year:1988 number:3 month:09 pages:211-236
sourceStr	Enthalten in Marine geophysical research 9(1988), 3 vom: Sept., Seite 211-236 volume:9 year:1988 number:3 month:09 pages:211-236
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	East Pacific Rise heat flow diapirism
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container_title	Marine geophysical research
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Crane, Kathleen @@aut@@ Aikman, Frank @@aut@@ Foucher, Jean-Paul @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	1988-09-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	129987603
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We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. 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author	Crane, Kathleen
spellingShingle	Crane, Kathleen ddc 550 ssgn 16,13 misc East Pacific Rise misc heat flow misc diapirism The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins
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topic_title	550 VZ 16,13 ssgn The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins East Pacific Rise heat flow diapirism
topic	ddc 550 ssgn 16,13 misc East Pacific Rise misc heat flow misc diapirism
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title	The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins
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title_full	The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins
author_sort	Crane, Kathleen
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author_browse	Crane, Kathleen Aikman, Frank Foucher, Jean-Paul
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title_sort	the distribution of geothermal fields along the east pacific rise from 13°10′ n to 8°20′ n: implications for deep seated origins
title_auth	The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins
abstract	Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age). © Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988
abstractGer	Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age). © Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract In 1983 a combined SeaMARC I, Sea Beam swath mapping expedition traversed the East Pacific Rise from 13°20′ N to 9°50′ N, including most of the Clipperton Transform Fault at 10°15′ N, and a chain of seamounts at 9°50′ N which runs obliquely to both the ridge axis and transform fault trends. We collected temperature, salinity and magnetic data along the same track. These data, combined with Deep-Tow data and French hydrocasts, are used to construct a thermal section of the rise axis from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N. Thermal data collected out to 25 km from the rise axis and along the Clipperton Transform Fault indicate that temperatures above the rise axis are uniformly warmer by 0.065°C than bottom water temperatures at equal depths off the axis. The rise axis thermal structure is punctuated by four distinct thermal fields with an average spacing of 155 km. All four of these fields are located on morphologic highs. Three fields are characterized by lenses of warmed water ≈ 20 km in length and ≈ 300 m thick. Additional clues to hydrothermal activity are provided in two cases by high concentrations of $ CH_{4} $, dissolved Mn and 3He in the water column and in another case by concentrations of benthic animals commonly associated with hydrothermal regions. We use three methods to estimate large-scale heat loss. Heat flow estimates range from 1250 MW to 5600 MW for one thermal field 25 km in length. Total convective heat loss for the four major fields is estimated to lie between 2100 MW and 9450 MW. If we add the amount of heat it takes to warm the rest of the rise axis (489 km in length) by 0.065.°C, then the calculated axial heat loss is from 12,275 to 38,525 MW (19–61% of the total heat theoretically emitted from crust between 0 and 1 m.y. in age). © Kluwer Academic Publishers 1988
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title_short	The distribution of geothermal fields along the East Pacific Rise from 13°10′ N to 8°20′ N: Implications for deep seated origins
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