Assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish Labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water
Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Bhanot, Reetu [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Environmental science and pollution research - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994, 28(2020), 42 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 59306-59316 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:28 ; year:2020 ; number:42 ; day:10 ; month:09 ; pages:59306-59316 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 |
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OLC2077261625 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Morphometry, | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Histopathology, | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Genetic assays, | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gills, | |
| 650 | 4 | |a , | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sewage water | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hundal, Swarndeep Singh |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077261625 (DE-He213)s11356-020-10619-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Bhanot, Reetu verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-6284-8734 aut Assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish Labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. Morphometry, Histopathology, Genetic assays, Gills, , Sewage water Hundal, Swarndeep Singh aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 28(2020), 42 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 59306-59316 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:28 year:2020 number:42 day:10 month:09 pages:59306-59316 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2020 42 10 09 59306-59316 |
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10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077261625 (DE-He213)s11356-020-10619-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Bhanot, Reetu verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-6284-8734 aut Assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish Labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. Morphometry, Histopathology, Genetic assays, Gills, , Sewage water Hundal, Swarndeep Singh aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 28(2020), 42 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 59306-59316 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:28 year:2020 number:42 day:10 month:09 pages:59306-59316 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2020 42 10 09 59306-59316 |
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10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077261625 (DE-He213)s11356-020-10619-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Bhanot, Reetu verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-6284-8734 aut Assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish Labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. Morphometry, Histopathology, Genetic assays, Gills, , Sewage water Hundal, Swarndeep Singh aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 28(2020), 42 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 59306-59316 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:28 year:2020 number:42 day:10 month:09 pages:59306-59316 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2020 42 10 09 59306-59316 |
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10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077261625 (DE-He213)s11356-020-10619-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Bhanot, Reetu verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-6284-8734 aut Assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish Labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. Morphometry, Histopathology, Genetic assays, Gills, , Sewage water Hundal, Swarndeep Singh aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 28(2020), 42 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 59306-59316 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:28 year:2020 number:42 day:10 month:09 pages:59306-59316 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2020 42 10 09 59306-59316 |
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10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077261625 (DE-He213)s11356-020-10619-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Bhanot, Reetu verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-6284-8734 aut Assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish Labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. Morphometry, Histopathology, Genetic assays, Gills, , Sewage water Hundal, Swarndeep Singh aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 28(2020), 42 vom: 10. Sept., Seite 59306-59316 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:28 year:2020 number:42 day:10 month:09 pages:59306-59316 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2020 42 10 09 59306-59316 |
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In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. 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assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water |
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Assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish Labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water |
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Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 |
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Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 |
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Abstract The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h $ LC_{50} $ value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/$ 10^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ of $ LC_{50} $ UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/$ 10^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT and 1/$ 20^{th} $ $ LC_{50} $ UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 |
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