Spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and population exposure in Shandong Province, eastern China, 2014–2018
Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Zhong, Xi [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Environmental monitoring and assessment - Springer International Publishing, 1981, 194(2022), 2 vom: 22. Jan. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:194 ; year:2022 ; number:2 ; day:22 ; month:01 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 |
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OLC2077863285 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Air pollutants | |
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10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077863285 (DE-He213)s10661-022-09769-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Zhong, Xi verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0038-2048 aut Spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and population exposure in Shandong Province, eastern China, 2014–2018 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. Air pollutants Historical variations Spatial distribution Population-weighted exposure Zhao, Yanqing aut Sha, Jingjing aut Liang, Haiyong aut Wu, Peng aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 2 vom: 22. Jan. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:2 day:22 month:01 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 2 22 01 |
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10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077863285 (DE-He213)s10661-022-09769-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Zhong, Xi verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0038-2048 aut Spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and population exposure in Shandong Province, eastern China, 2014–2018 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. Air pollutants Historical variations Spatial distribution Population-weighted exposure Zhao, Yanqing aut Sha, Jingjing aut Liang, Haiyong aut Wu, Peng aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 2 vom: 22. Jan. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:2 day:22 month:01 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 2 22 01 |
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10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077863285 (DE-He213)s10661-022-09769-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Zhong, Xi verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0038-2048 aut Spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and population exposure in Shandong Province, eastern China, 2014–2018 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. Air pollutants Historical variations Spatial distribution Population-weighted exposure Zhao, Yanqing aut Sha, Jingjing aut Liang, Haiyong aut Wu, Peng aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 2 vom: 22. Jan. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:2 day:22 month:01 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 2 22 01 |
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10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077863285 (DE-He213)s10661-022-09769-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Zhong, Xi verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0038-2048 aut Spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and population exposure in Shandong Province, eastern China, 2014–2018 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. Air pollutants Historical variations Spatial distribution Population-weighted exposure Zhao, Yanqing aut Sha, Jingjing aut Liang, Haiyong aut Wu, Peng aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 2 vom: 22. Jan. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:2 day:22 month:01 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 2 22 01 |
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10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2077863285 (DE-He213)s10661-022-09769-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Zhong, Xi verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0038-2048 aut Spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and population exposure in Shandong Province, eastern China, 2014–2018 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. Air pollutants Historical variations Spatial distribution Population-weighted exposure Zhao, Yanqing aut Sha, Jingjing aut Liang, Haiyong aut Wu, Peng aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 2 vom: 22. Jan. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:2 day:22 month:01 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 2 22 01 |
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Spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and population exposure in Shandong Province, eastern China, 2014–2018 |
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Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 |
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Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 |
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Abstract To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China’s clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014–2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO were observed, while $ O_{3} $ increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average $ PM_{2.5} $, $ PM_{10} $, $ NO_{2} $, $ SO_{2} $, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg $ m^{−3} $, and 1.5 mg $ m^{−3} $, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven “2 + 26” cities (in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, $ O_{3} $ concentration rose, with occurrences of the $ 90^{th} $ percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg $ m^{−3} $, during 2014–2018. From May to September, $ O_{3} $ pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and $ PM_{2.5} $ contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to $ PM_{2.5} $ in Shandong was 50 μg $ m^{−3} $, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to $ PM_{2.5} $ > 35 μg $ m^{−3} $, while for 99.2% of population in the seven “2 + 26” cities, $ PM_{2.5} $ exposure exceeded 50 μg $ m^{−3} $. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 |
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