Understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the Xinzhai site, China
Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of c...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
An, Jingping [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s) 2021 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Vegetation history and archaeobotany - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992, 31(2021), 3 vom: 03. Sept., Seite 261-277 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:31 ; year:2021 ; number:3 ; day:03 ; month:09 ; pages:261-277 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 |
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OLC2078543039 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. | ||
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10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2078543039 (DE-He213)s00334-021-00851-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 560 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid An, Jingping verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8557-1678 aut Understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the Xinzhai site, China 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. Xinzhai period Macro-botanical remains Phytoliths Crop processing Labour mobilization Social organization Kirleis, Wiebke aut Zhao, Chunqing aut Jin, Guiyun aut Enthalten in Vegetation history and archaeobotany Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992 31(2021), 3 vom: 03. Sept., Seite 261-277 (DE-627)131042068 (DE-600)1099917-6 (DE-576)028046544 0939-6314 nnns volume:31 year:2021 number:3 day:03 month:09 pages:261-277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_135 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 31 2021 3 03 09 261-277 |
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10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2078543039 (DE-He213)s00334-021-00851-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 560 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid An, Jingping verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8557-1678 aut Understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the Xinzhai site, China 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. Xinzhai period Macro-botanical remains Phytoliths Crop processing Labour mobilization Social organization Kirleis, Wiebke aut Zhao, Chunqing aut Jin, Guiyun aut Enthalten in Vegetation history and archaeobotany Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992 31(2021), 3 vom: 03. Sept., Seite 261-277 (DE-627)131042068 (DE-600)1099917-6 (DE-576)028046544 0939-6314 nnns volume:31 year:2021 number:3 day:03 month:09 pages:261-277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_135 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 31 2021 3 03 09 261-277 |
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10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2078543039 (DE-He213)s00334-021-00851-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 560 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid An, Jingping verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8557-1678 aut Understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the Xinzhai site, China 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. Xinzhai period Macro-botanical remains Phytoliths Crop processing Labour mobilization Social organization Kirleis, Wiebke aut Zhao, Chunqing aut Jin, Guiyun aut Enthalten in Vegetation history and archaeobotany Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992 31(2021), 3 vom: 03. Sept., Seite 261-277 (DE-627)131042068 (DE-600)1099917-6 (DE-576)028046544 0939-6314 nnns volume:31 year:2021 number:3 day:03 month:09 pages:261-277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_135 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 31 2021 3 03 09 261-277 |
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10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2078543039 (DE-He213)s00334-021-00851-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 560 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid An, Jingping verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8557-1678 aut Understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the Xinzhai site, China 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. Xinzhai period Macro-botanical remains Phytoliths Crop processing Labour mobilization Social organization Kirleis, Wiebke aut Zhao, Chunqing aut Jin, Guiyun aut Enthalten in Vegetation history and archaeobotany Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992 31(2021), 3 vom: 03. Sept., Seite 261-277 (DE-627)131042068 (DE-600)1099917-6 (DE-576)028046544 0939-6314 nnns volume:31 year:2021 number:3 day:03 month:09 pages:261-277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_135 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 31 2021 3 03 09 261-277 |
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10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2078543039 (DE-He213)s00334-021-00851-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 560 580 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid An, Jingping verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8557-1678 aut Understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the Xinzhai site, China 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. Xinzhai period Macro-botanical remains Phytoliths Crop processing Labour mobilization Social organization Kirleis, Wiebke aut Zhao, Chunqing aut Jin, Guiyun aut Enthalten in Vegetation history and archaeobotany Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992 31(2021), 3 vom: 03. Sept., Seite 261-277 (DE-627)131042068 (DE-600)1099917-6 (DE-576)028046544 0939-6314 nnns volume:31 year:2021 number:3 day:03 month:09 pages:261-277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-021-00851-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_135 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 31 2021 3 03 09 261-277 |
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understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the xinzhai site, china |
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Understanding crop processing and its social meaning in the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce): a case study on the Xinzhai site, China |
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Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. © The Author(s) 2021 |
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Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. © The Author(s) 2021 |
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Abstract Although the Xinzhai period (1850–1750 cal bce) has been widely regarded as a critical time for the development of urbanization in China, little is known about the labour and social organization of the time. In this paper, archaeobotanical assemblages have been used to explore evidence of crop processing and they have provided further insights into the organization of labour and society at the Xinzhai site on the Central Plain of China. This is the first case study linking agricultural activities and social organization in the Xinzhai period. By discussing macro-botanical and phytolith results together, we conclude that the hulled cereals Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Panicum miliaceum (common or broomcorn millet) and Oryza sativa (rice), and the free-threshing pulse Glycine max (soybean) were all partly processed before storage to reduce labour demand in the harvest period. Since these summer-sown crops are all harvested in autumn, the practice of partial processing might imply that less labour was needed before storage. Thus, the labour for crop processing appears to have been organized on the basis of small production units such as households. This pattern is different from the communal bulk processing of crops before storage by the contemporary inhabitants of Dongzhao. Different patterns of social organization in various settlements in the Xinzhai period can thus be suggested. This conclusion contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social development of communities living on the Central Plain and indicates that a steady increase in social complexity was very likely in the period before urbanization. © The Author(s) 2021 |
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