Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process
Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additiv...
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| Autor*in: |
Qi, Kai [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© ASM International 2022 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of materials engineering and performance - Springer US, 1992, 31(2022), 6 vom: 08. Feb., Seite 4631-4641 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:31 ; year:2022 ; number:6 ; day:08 ; month:02 ; pages:4631-4641 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w |
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| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2078826871 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Qi, Kai |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process |
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| 520 | |a Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a 2205 duplex stainless steel | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cold metal transition wire and arc additive manufacturing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a forming mechanism | |
| 650 | 4 | |a microstructure and properties | |
| 650 | 4 | |a multi-layer multi-pass | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Ruifeng |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hu, Zhenxing |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bi, Xiaolin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Taotao |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yue, Hangyu |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Baosen |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w doi (DE-627)OLC2078826871 (DE-He213)s11665-022-06587-w-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Qi, Kai verfasserin aut Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2022 Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract 2205 duplex stainless steel cold metal transition wire and arc additive manufacturing forming mechanism microstructure and properties multi-layer multi-pass Li, Ruifeng aut Hu, Zhenxing aut Bi, Xiaolin aut Li, Taotao aut Yue, Hangyu aut Zhang, Baosen aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 31(2022), 6 vom: 08. Feb., Seite 4631-4641 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:31 year:2022 number:6 day:08 month:02 pages:4631-4641 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 31 2022 6 08 02 4631-4641 |
| spelling |
10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w doi (DE-627)OLC2078826871 (DE-He213)s11665-022-06587-w-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Qi, Kai verfasserin aut Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2022 Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract 2205 duplex stainless steel cold metal transition wire and arc additive manufacturing forming mechanism microstructure and properties multi-layer multi-pass Li, Ruifeng aut Hu, Zhenxing aut Bi, Xiaolin aut Li, Taotao aut Yue, Hangyu aut Zhang, Baosen aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 31(2022), 6 vom: 08. Feb., Seite 4631-4641 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:31 year:2022 number:6 day:08 month:02 pages:4631-4641 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 31 2022 6 08 02 4631-4641 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w doi (DE-627)OLC2078826871 (DE-He213)s11665-022-06587-w-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Qi, Kai verfasserin aut Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2022 Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract 2205 duplex stainless steel cold metal transition wire and arc additive manufacturing forming mechanism microstructure and properties multi-layer multi-pass Li, Ruifeng aut Hu, Zhenxing aut Bi, Xiaolin aut Li, Taotao aut Yue, Hangyu aut Zhang, Baosen aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 31(2022), 6 vom: 08. Feb., Seite 4631-4641 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:31 year:2022 number:6 day:08 month:02 pages:4631-4641 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 31 2022 6 08 02 4631-4641 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w doi (DE-627)OLC2078826871 (DE-He213)s11665-022-06587-w-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Qi, Kai verfasserin aut Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2022 Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract 2205 duplex stainless steel cold metal transition wire and arc additive manufacturing forming mechanism microstructure and properties multi-layer multi-pass Li, Ruifeng aut Hu, Zhenxing aut Bi, Xiaolin aut Li, Taotao aut Yue, Hangyu aut Zhang, Baosen aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 31(2022), 6 vom: 08. Feb., Seite 4631-4641 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:31 year:2022 number:6 day:08 month:02 pages:4631-4641 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 31 2022 6 08 02 4631-4641 |
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10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w doi (DE-627)OLC2078826871 (DE-He213)s11665-022-06587-w-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Qi, Kai verfasserin aut Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2022 Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract 2205 duplex stainless steel cold metal transition wire and arc additive manufacturing forming mechanism microstructure and properties multi-layer multi-pass Li, Ruifeng aut Hu, Zhenxing aut Bi, Xiaolin aut Li, Taotao aut Yue, Hangyu aut Zhang, Baosen aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 31(2022), 6 vom: 08. Feb., Seite 4631-4641 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:31 year:2022 number:6 day:08 month:02 pages:4631-4641 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06587-w lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 31 2022 6 08 02 4631-4641 |
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Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance 31(2022), 6 vom: 08. Feb., Seite 4631-4641 volume:31 year:2022 number:6 day:08 month:02 pages:4631-4641 |
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In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. 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Qi, Kai |
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Qi, Kai ddc 620 misc 2205 duplex stainless steel misc cold metal transition wire and arc additive manufacturing misc forming mechanism misc microstructure and properties misc multi-layer multi-pass Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process |
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620 660 670 VZ Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process 2205 duplex stainless steel cold metal transition wire and arc additive manufacturing forming mechanism microstructure and properties multi-layer multi-pass |
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forming appearance analysis of 2205 duplex stainless steel fabricated by cold metal transfer (cmt) based wire and arc additive manufacture (waam) process |
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Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process |
| abstract |
Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract © ASM International 2022 |
| abstractGer |
Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract © ASM International 2022 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Compared with the first generation of duplex stainless steel (DSS), 2205 DSS have improved the steel's resistance to pore corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, and it is widely used in construction, marine and chemical industries. In this paper, ER2209 DSS welding wire is used as the additive material, and wire and arc additive manufacturing based on the cold metal transfer technology (CMT-WAAM) is used to explore the influence of process parameters on the forming appearance of single-layer single-pass specimens, multi-layer single-pass specimens (30th layer) and multi-layer multi-pass specimens (40th layer, 150 × 50 × 70 mm). At the same time, the relationship between the process parameters and the microstructure is observed. The reciprocating additive path is formed uniformly in multi-layer single-pass forming. When the overlap rate is 1/3 in single-layer multi-pass forming, the surface of deposition layer shows the best flatness. When the arc starting point of each layer coincides with the arc ending point of the previous layer, the forming effect is better. The grain size of the additive parts along the Y path is smaller than that of the X path and the ferrite content is more in the multi-layer multi-pass forming. From bottom to top, the austenite content gradually increases and the grain size becomes bigger. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the X1-direction, Y1-direction and Z1-direction under the X path are 820.6 MPa, 811.1 MPa and 762.0 MPa, respectively. The average tensile strengths of the samples along the $ X_{1} $-direction, $ Y_{1} $-direction and $ Z_{1} $-direction under the Y path are 829.7 MPa, 836.5 MPa, and 756.4 MPa, respectively. The tensile samples along the X path and the Y path show better tensile properties and tensile samples showed ductile fracture in all directions. Graphical Abstract © ASM International 2022 |
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Forming Appearance Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Based Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) Process |
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