Spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the Weihe River Basin, China
Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total disso...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Dong, Xiying [verfasserIn] |
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Englisch |
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2022 |
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Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Environmental science and pollution research - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994, 29(2022), 38 vom: 30. März, Seite 57790-57807 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:29 ; year:2022 ; number:38 ; day:30 ; month:03 ; pages:57790-57807 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y |
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Katalog-ID: |
OLC2079393626 |
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520 | |a Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. | ||
650 | 4 | |a Hydrochemistry | |
650 | 4 | |a Spatial variations | |
650 | 4 | |a Controlling factors | |
650 | 4 | |a Solute sources | |
650 | 4 | |a Weihe River Basin | |
700 | 1 | |a Zhao, Liangju |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Wang, Ninglian |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Xie, Cong |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y doi (DE-627)OLC2079393626 (DE-He213)s11356-022-19550-y-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Dong, Xiying verfasserin aut Spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the Weihe River Basin, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. Hydrochemistry Spatial variations Controlling factors Solute sources Weihe River Basin Zhao, Liangju aut Wang, Ninglian aut Xie, Cong aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 38 vom: 30. März, Seite 57790-57807 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:38 day:30 month:03 pages:57790-57807 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 38 30 03 57790-57807 |
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10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y doi (DE-627)OLC2079393626 (DE-He213)s11356-022-19550-y-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Dong, Xiying verfasserin aut Spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the Weihe River Basin, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. Hydrochemistry Spatial variations Controlling factors Solute sources Weihe River Basin Zhao, Liangju aut Wang, Ninglian aut Xie, Cong aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 38 vom: 30. März, Seite 57790-57807 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:38 day:30 month:03 pages:57790-57807 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 38 30 03 57790-57807 |
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10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y doi (DE-627)OLC2079393626 (DE-He213)s11356-022-19550-y-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Dong, Xiying verfasserin aut Spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the Weihe River Basin, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. Hydrochemistry Spatial variations Controlling factors Solute sources Weihe River Basin Zhao, Liangju aut Wang, Ninglian aut Xie, Cong aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 38 vom: 30. März, Seite 57790-57807 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:38 day:30 month:03 pages:57790-57807 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 38 30 03 57790-57807 |
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10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y doi (DE-627)OLC2079393626 (DE-He213)s11356-022-19550-y-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Dong, Xiying verfasserin aut Spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the Weihe River Basin, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. Hydrochemistry Spatial variations Controlling factors Solute sources Weihe River Basin Zhao, Liangju aut Wang, Ninglian aut Xie, Cong aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 38 vom: 30. März, Seite 57790-57807 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:38 day:30 month:03 pages:57790-57807 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 38 30 03 57790-57807 |
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10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y doi (DE-627)OLC2079393626 (DE-He213)s11356-022-19550-y-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid Dong, Xiying verfasserin aut Spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the Weihe River Basin, China 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. Hydrochemistry Spatial variations Controlling factors Solute sources Weihe River Basin Zhao, Liangju aut Wang, Ninglian aut Xie, Cong aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 38 vom: 30. März, Seite 57790-57807 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:38 day:30 month:03 pages:57790-57807 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 38 30 03 57790-57807 |
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spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the weihe river basin, china |
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Spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the Weihe River Basin, China |
abstract |
Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 |
abstractGer |
Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The Weihe River Basin (WRB), the largest tributary of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), is located in the northwest of China. As the “mother river” of the Guanzhong Plain, it plays an important role in the development of Guanzhong City Group. Based on pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ionic concentrations of 227 samples collected from the main stream (MS), northern tributaries (NT), and southern tributaries (ST) of the WRB, we explored spatial differential characteristics of hydrochemistry and their controlling factors, solute sources, and water quality of surface water. The results revealed mildly alkaline pH and much higher TDS values than the global average with mean values of 7.9 and 1037.7 mg $ L^{−1} $, respectively. Except $ NO_{3} $−, the concentrations of major ions in the MS and NT were higher than those of the ST, with similar spatial distribution patterns of $ Ca^{2+} $, $ Na^{+} $, $ Mg^{2+} $, $ SO_{4} $2−, and $ Cl^{−} $. $ Na^{+} $ and $ SO_{4} $2− were the most dominant cation and anion in the MS and NT controlled by both rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization processes. $ Ca^{2+} $ and $ HCO_{3} $− were the most dominant cation and anion in the ST mainly controlled by rock weathering process. Evaporite dissolution contributed the most to dissolved solutes in the MS and NT, while carbonate weathering dominated dissolved solutes in the ST. These findings were confirmed by the results of correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), stoichiometric plots, and different water types identified as Na-$ SO_{4} $·Cl in the MS and NT, and Ca-$ HCO_{3} $ in the ST. Atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs had a minor effect on the surface water chemistry. However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. Knowledge of our findings could contribute new insights to the solute geochemistry and sustainable management of water resources in the lithologically distinct segments of the WRB and other similar areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 |
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title_short |
Spatial variations on the hydrochemistry, controls, and solute sources of surface water in the Weihe River Basin, China |
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However, human activities could not be ignored in the ST accounting for 10.9% of the total dissolved solutes, mainly because of the fertilizer application. And the surface water of the ST was more suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes than that of the MS and NT. 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März, Seite 57790-57807</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)171335805</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)1178791-0</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)038875101</subfield><subfield code="x">0944-1344</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:29</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2022</subfield><subfield code="g">number:38</subfield><subfield code="g">day:30</subfield><subfield code="g">month:03</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:57790-57807</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="1"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19550-y</subfield><subfield code="z">lizenzpflichtig</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_OLC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">FID-BIODIV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-UMW</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-ARC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-TEC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-CHE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-FOR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-DE-84</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_252</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_267</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2018</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4277</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">29</subfield><subfield code="j">2022</subfield><subfield code="e">38</subfield><subfield code="b">30</subfield><subfield code="c">03</subfield><subfield code="h">57790-57807</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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