Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean)

Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2...
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Autor*in:	Ibghi, Mustapha [verfasserIn] El kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen Aboualaalaa, Hicham Hervé, Fabienne Sibat, Manoella Chair, Adil Masseret, Estelle Maamour, Niama Daoudi, Mouna Amzil, Zouher Laabir, Mohamed

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Epibenthic dinoflagellates Biotic substrate Environmental factors Toxins Strait of Gibraltar

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Environmental monitoring and assessment - Springer International Publishing, 1981, 194(2022), 11 vom: 21. Sept.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:194 ; year:2022 ; number:11 ; day:21 ; month:09

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9

Katalog-ID:	OLC2079583387

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245	1	0	\|a Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean)
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520			\|a Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations.
650		4	\|a Epibenthic dinoflagellates
650		4	\|a Biotic substrate
650		4	\|a Environmental factors
650		4	\|a Toxins
650		4	\|a Strait of Gibraltar
700	1		\|a El kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen \|0 (orcid)0000-0002-9713-9492 \|4 aut
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700	1		\|a Hervé, Fabienne \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Sibat, Manoella \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Chair, Adil \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Masseret, Estelle \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Maamour, Niama \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Daoudi, Mouna \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Amzil, Zouher \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Laabir, Mohamed \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 doi (DE-627)OLC2079583387 (DE-He213)s10661-022-10426-9-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Ibghi, Mustapha verfasserin aut Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations. Epibenthic dinoflagellates Biotic substrate Environmental factors Toxins Strait of Gibraltar El kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir aut Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen (orcid)0000-0002-9713-9492 aut Aboualaalaa, Hicham aut Hervé, Fabienne aut Sibat, Manoella aut Chair, Adil aut Masseret, Estelle aut Maamour, Niama aut Daoudi, Mouna aut Amzil, Zouher aut Laabir, Mohamed aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 11 vom: 21. Sept. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:11 day:21 month:09 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 11 21 09
spelling	10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 doi (DE-627)OLC2079583387 (DE-He213)s10661-022-10426-9-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Ibghi, Mustapha verfasserin aut Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations. Epibenthic dinoflagellates Biotic substrate Environmental factors Toxins Strait of Gibraltar El kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir aut Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen (orcid)0000-0002-9713-9492 aut Aboualaalaa, Hicham aut Hervé, Fabienne aut Sibat, Manoella aut Chair, Adil aut Masseret, Estelle aut Maamour, Niama aut Daoudi, Mouna aut Amzil, Zouher aut Laabir, Mohamed aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 11 vom: 21. Sept. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:11 day:21 month:09 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 11 21 09
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 doi (DE-627)OLC2079583387 (DE-He213)s10661-022-10426-9-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Ibghi, Mustapha verfasserin aut Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations. Epibenthic dinoflagellates Biotic substrate Environmental factors Toxins Strait of Gibraltar El kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir aut Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen (orcid)0000-0002-9713-9492 aut Aboualaalaa, Hicham aut Hervé, Fabienne aut Sibat, Manoella aut Chair, Adil aut Masseret, Estelle aut Maamour, Niama aut Daoudi, Mouna aut Amzil, Zouher aut Laabir, Mohamed aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 11 vom: 21. Sept. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:11 day:21 month:09 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 11 21 09
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 doi (DE-627)OLC2079583387 (DE-He213)s10661-022-10426-9-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Ibghi, Mustapha verfasserin aut Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations. Epibenthic dinoflagellates Biotic substrate Environmental factors Toxins Strait of Gibraltar El kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir aut Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen (orcid)0000-0002-9713-9492 aut Aboualaalaa, Hicham aut Hervé, Fabienne aut Sibat, Manoella aut Chair, Adil aut Masseret, Estelle aut Maamour, Niama aut Daoudi, Mouna aut Amzil, Zouher aut Laabir, Mohamed aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 11 vom: 21. Sept. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:11 day:21 month:09 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 11 21 09
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 doi (DE-627)OLC2079583387 (DE-He213)s10661-022-10426-9-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 VZ Ibghi, Mustapha verfasserin aut Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations. Epibenthic dinoflagellates Biotic substrate Environmental factors Toxins Strait of Gibraltar El kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir aut Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen (orcid)0000-0002-9713-9492 aut Aboualaalaa, Hicham aut Hervé, Fabienne aut Sibat, Manoella aut Chair, Adil aut Masseret, Estelle aut Maamour, Niama aut Daoudi, Mouna aut Amzil, Zouher aut Laabir, Mohamed aut Enthalten in Environmental monitoring and assessment Springer International Publishing, 1981 194(2022), 11 vom: 21. Sept. (DE-627)130549649 (DE-600)782621-7 (DE-576)476125413 0167-6369 nnns volume:194 year:2022 number:11 day:21 month:09 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10426-9 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL AR 194 2022 11 21 09
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Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. 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author	Ibghi, Mustapha
spellingShingle	Ibghi, Mustapha ddc 333.7 misc Epibenthic dinoflagellates misc Biotic substrate misc Environmental factors misc Toxins misc Strait of Gibraltar Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean)
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topic_title	333.7 VZ Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean) Epibenthic dinoflagellates Biotic substrate Environmental factors Toxins Strait of Gibraltar
topic	ddc 333.7 misc Epibenthic dinoflagellates misc Biotic substrate misc Environmental factors misc Toxins misc Strait of Gibraltar
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title	Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean)
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title_full	Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean)
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author_browse	Ibghi, Mustapha El kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen Aboualaalaa, Hicham Hervé, Fabienne Sibat, Manoella Chair, Adil Masseret, Estelle Maamour, Niama Daoudi, Mouna Amzil, Zouher Laabir, Mohamed
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title_sort	occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (ostreopsis spp., coolia monotis and prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the strait of gibraltar (southwestern mediterranean)
title_auth	Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean)
abstract	Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstractGer	Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract No studies have been carried out on the benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs) along the Strait of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean, and little is known about the diversity of blooming species. Here, epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored at least biweekly over 18 months (May 2019–November 2020) in Oued Lihoud, Cap Malabata and Dalia on the thalli of five dominant macrophytes and in the water column. This is the first report on the seasonal distribution of BHAB species hosted by natural biotic substrates in the Strait of Gibraltar, which is known for high hydrodynamics, major entry of Atlantic waters and important maritime traffic. Three BHAB dinoflagellates were observed in the surveyed areas: Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima. The analysis of all data at the three sites showed that Dictyota dichotoma was the most favourable macroalgae host for these benthic dinoflagellates. The highest cell densities were observed in Cap Malabata for Ostreopsis spp. (2.7 × $ 10^{5} $ cells/g fresh weight in September 2020), P. lima (4.57 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in September 2020) and C. monotis (4.07 × $ 10^{4} $ cells/g FW in June 2019). Phosphate and temperature were positively correlated to the abundances of the studied thermophilic BHAB species. In contrast, negative correlations were recorded with salinity, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, DIN, nitrogen/phosphate ratio and suspended material, attesting of the complex relationships between environmental factors and BHAB species dynamic in each marine ecosystem. Toxin analyses of the natural phytoplankton assemblage during BHABs showed the presence of only lipophilic toxins, namely okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins produced by P. lima. These BHABs species have to be isolated to establish monoclonal cultures for ribotyping and ecophysiological investigations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
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title_short	Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean)
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Occurrence of three dominant epibenthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis spp., Coolia monotis and Prorocentrum lima) in relation to biotic substrates and environmental factors in a highly dynamic ecosystem, the Strait of Gibraltar (Southwestern Mediterranean)

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