Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under con...
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| Autor*in: |
Vieira de Oliveira, Rebeca [verfasserIn] Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© ASM International 2021 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of materials engineering and performance - Springer US, 1992, 30(2021), 7 vom: 20. Mai, Seite 5477-5490 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:30 ; year:2021 ; number:7 ; day:20 ; month:05 ; pages:5477-5490 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 |
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OLC2079585916 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders |
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| 520 | |a Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a additive manufacturing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NiTi | |
| 650 | 4 | |a powder metallurgy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a selective laser melting | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ti HDH | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pereira de Lima, Ygor |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hoisler Sallet, Eduardo |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vieira Le Sénèchal, Naiara |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Alves Oliveira Melo, Edilainea |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Teixeira, Rodolfo |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Freitas Rodrigues, Patrícia |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Inforçatti Neto, Paulo |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Vicente Lopes da Silva, Jorge |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Brandao, Luiz Paulo |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a dos Santos Paula, Andersan |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2079585916 (DE-He213)s11665-021-05863-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Vieira de Oliveira, Rebeca verfasserin aut Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2021 Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. additive manufacturing NiTi powder metallurgy selective laser melting Ti HDH Pereira de Lima, Ygor aut Hoisler Sallet, Eduardo aut Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo aut Vieira Le Sénèchal, Naiara aut Alves Oliveira Melo, Edilainea aut Teixeira, Rodolfo aut Freitas Rodrigues, Patrícia aut Inforçatti Neto, Paulo aut Vicente Lopes da Silva, Jorge aut Brandao, Luiz Paulo aut dos Santos Paula, Andersan aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 30(2021), 7 vom: 20. Mai, Seite 5477-5490 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:30 year:2021 number:7 day:20 month:05 pages:5477-5490 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 30 2021 7 20 05 5477-5490 |
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10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2079585916 (DE-He213)s11665-021-05863-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Vieira de Oliveira, Rebeca verfasserin aut Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2021 Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. additive manufacturing NiTi powder metallurgy selective laser melting Ti HDH Pereira de Lima, Ygor aut Hoisler Sallet, Eduardo aut Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo aut Vieira Le Sénèchal, Naiara aut Alves Oliveira Melo, Edilainea aut Teixeira, Rodolfo aut Freitas Rodrigues, Patrícia aut Inforçatti Neto, Paulo aut Vicente Lopes da Silva, Jorge aut Brandao, Luiz Paulo aut dos Santos Paula, Andersan aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 30(2021), 7 vom: 20. Mai, Seite 5477-5490 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:30 year:2021 number:7 day:20 month:05 pages:5477-5490 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 30 2021 7 20 05 5477-5490 |
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10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2079585916 (DE-He213)s11665-021-05863-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Vieira de Oliveira, Rebeca verfasserin aut Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2021 Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. additive manufacturing NiTi powder metallurgy selective laser melting Ti HDH Pereira de Lima, Ygor aut Hoisler Sallet, Eduardo aut Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo aut Vieira Le Sénèchal, Naiara aut Alves Oliveira Melo, Edilainea aut Teixeira, Rodolfo aut Freitas Rodrigues, Patrícia aut Inforçatti Neto, Paulo aut Vicente Lopes da Silva, Jorge aut Brandao, Luiz Paulo aut dos Santos Paula, Andersan aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 30(2021), 7 vom: 20. Mai, Seite 5477-5490 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:30 year:2021 number:7 day:20 month:05 pages:5477-5490 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 30 2021 7 20 05 5477-5490 |
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10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2079585916 (DE-He213)s11665-021-05863-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Vieira de Oliveira, Rebeca verfasserin aut Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2021 Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. additive manufacturing NiTi powder metallurgy selective laser melting Ti HDH Pereira de Lima, Ygor aut Hoisler Sallet, Eduardo aut Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo aut Vieira Le Sénèchal, Naiara aut Alves Oliveira Melo, Edilainea aut Teixeira, Rodolfo aut Freitas Rodrigues, Patrícia aut Inforçatti Neto, Paulo aut Vicente Lopes da Silva, Jorge aut Brandao, Luiz Paulo aut dos Santos Paula, Andersan aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 30(2021), 7 vom: 20. Mai, Seite 5477-5490 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:30 year:2021 number:7 day:20 month:05 pages:5477-5490 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 30 2021 7 20 05 5477-5490 |
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10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 doi (DE-627)OLC2079585916 (DE-He213)s11665-021-05863-5-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 670 VZ Vieira de Oliveira, Rebeca verfasserin aut Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders 2021 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ASM International 2021 Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. additive manufacturing NiTi powder metallurgy selective laser melting Ti HDH Pereira de Lima, Ygor aut Hoisler Sallet, Eduardo aut Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo aut Vieira Le Sénèchal, Naiara aut Alves Oliveira Melo, Edilainea aut Teixeira, Rodolfo aut Freitas Rodrigues, Patrícia aut Inforçatti Neto, Paulo aut Vicente Lopes da Silva, Jorge aut Brandao, Luiz Paulo aut dos Santos Paula, Andersan aut Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance Springer US, 1992 30(2021), 7 vom: 20. Mai, Seite 5477-5490 (DE-627)131147366 (DE-600)1129075-4 (DE-576)033027250 1059-9495 nnns volume:30 year:2021 number:7 day:20 month:05 pages:5477-5490 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05863-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 AR 30 2021 7 20 05 5477-5490 |
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Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance 30(2021), 7 vom: 20. Mai, Seite 5477-5490 volume:30 year:2021 number:7 day:20 month:05 pages:5477-5490 |
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Enthalten in Journal of materials engineering and performance 30(2021), 7 vom: 20. Mai, Seite 5477-5490 volume:30 year:2021 number:7 day:20 month:05 pages:5477-5490 |
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Vieira de Oliveira, Rebeca @@aut@@ Pereira de Lima, Ygor @@aut@@ Hoisler Sallet, Eduardo @@aut@@ Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo @@aut@@ Vieira Le Sénèchal, Naiara @@aut@@ Alves Oliveira Melo, Edilainea @@aut@@ Teixeira, Rodolfo @@aut@@ Freitas Rodrigues, Patrícia @@aut@@ Inforçatti Neto, Paulo @@aut@@ Vicente Lopes da Silva, Jorge @@aut@@ Brandao, Luiz Paulo @@aut@@ dos Santos Paula, Andersan @@aut@@ |
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. 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Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders |
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Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders |
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Vieira de Oliveira, Rebeca Pereira de Lima, Ygor Hoisler Sallet, Eduardo Abílio Corrêa Gonçalves, Danilo Vieira Le Sénèchal, Naiara Alves Oliveira Melo, Edilainea Teixeira, Rodolfo Freitas Rodrigues, Patrícia Inforçatti Neto, Paulo Vicente Lopes da Silva, Jorge Brandao, Luiz Paulo dos Santos Paula, Andersan |
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production of cylindrical specimens based on the ni-ti system by selective laser melting from elementary powders |
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Production of Cylindrical Specimens Based on the Ni-Ti System by Selective Laser Melting from Elementary Powders |
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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. © ASM International 2021 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. © ASM International 2021 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of elemental powders, Ni oxyreduction and Ti HDH (hydration-dehydration) to obtain the NiTi shape memory alloy in cylindrical specimens from additive manufacturing process by Selective Laser Melting with laser power and energy density under control (100 to 150 W and 25 to 40 J/$ mm^{3} $). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) conjugated analyses showed that all processing parameters yield samples with Ti enriched regions surrounded by alloy layers associated to $ Ni_{3} $Ti, $ Ni_{3} $$ Ti_{2} $, and $ NiTi_{2} $ intermetallic. This evidence suggests that the parameters applied were not enough to promote the complete fusion of Ti particles, indicating that the samples presented a melting microstructure with evidence of defects located due to lack of fusion due to the irregular voids and Ti islands that resemble the irregular morphology of the starting Ti HDH powder, and pores depending on the retention of gases in the fusion pool. Each explored condition presented in its structure a set of different phases in nature and proportion, without the NiTi intermetallic. Also, justifies the apparent and real density values not compatible with the NiTi intermetallic theoretical density, but the density resulting from the mixture of different Ni-Ti system phases formed. Observing the decrease in the cracks and pores, and the real densities measured, compared with the theoretical density of the NiTi intermetally, the specimens that represent the best conditions are those produced with 125 and 150 W with 30 J/$ mm^{3} $ , in order not compromising the SMA properties, and would allow microstructural evolution for the formation of the NiTi through heat treatment. Although the most favorable parameters, the NiTi system did not exhibited an austenitic matrix, and then the adoption of the proposed elementary powders mixture will be promising when followed by solution heat treatment, which is one of the works under development by our research group. © ASM International 2021 |
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