Saturated permeability of compacted loess based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on t...
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| Autor*in: |
Liu, Jialiang [verfasserIn] |
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Englisch |
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2022 |
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© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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Enthalten in: Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998, 81(2022), 11 vom: 07. Okt. |
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volume:81 ; year:2022 ; number:11 ; day:07 ; month:10 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x |
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OLC2079683683 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Compacted loess | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Saturated hydraulic conductivity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Microstructure | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pore water distribution | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Compaction criteria | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Qiang |0 (orcid)0000-0003-1304-4742 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Pinliang |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a He, Pan |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pu, Chuanhao |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhao, Kuanyao |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Peng, Dalei |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Zhuo |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x doi (DE-627)OLC2079683683 (DE-He213)s10064-022-02955-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 600 VZ Liu, Jialiang verfasserin aut Saturated permeability of compacted loess based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). Compacted loess Saturated hydraulic conductivity Microstructure Pore water distribution Compaction criteria Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Xu, Qiang (orcid)0000-0003-1304-4742 aut Li, Pinliang aut He, Pan aut Pu, Chuanhao aut Zhao, Kuanyao aut Peng, Dalei aut Wang, Zhuo aut Enthalten in Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998 81(2022), 11 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)24891880X (DE-600)1444574-8 (DE-576)068745818 1435-9529 nnns volume:81 year:2022 number:11 day:07 month:10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO AR 81 2022 11 07 10 |
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10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x doi (DE-627)OLC2079683683 (DE-He213)s10064-022-02955-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 600 VZ Liu, Jialiang verfasserin aut Saturated permeability of compacted loess based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). Compacted loess Saturated hydraulic conductivity Microstructure Pore water distribution Compaction criteria Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Xu, Qiang (orcid)0000-0003-1304-4742 aut Li, Pinliang aut He, Pan aut Pu, Chuanhao aut Zhao, Kuanyao aut Peng, Dalei aut Wang, Zhuo aut Enthalten in Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998 81(2022), 11 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)24891880X (DE-600)1444574-8 (DE-576)068745818 1435-9529 nnns volume:81 year:2022 number:11 day:07 month:10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO AR 81 2022 11 07 10 |
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10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x doi (DE-627)OLC2079683683 (DE-He213)s10064-022-02955-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 600 VZ Liu, Jialiang verfasserin aut Saturated permeability of compacted loess based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). Compacted loess Saturated hydraulic conductivity Microstructure Pore water distribution Compaction criteria Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Xu, Qiang (orcid)0000-0003-1304-4742 aut Li, Pinliang aut He, Pan aut Pu, Chuanhao aut Zhao, Kuanyao aut Peng, Dalei aut Wang, Zhuo aut Enthalten in Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998 81(2022), 11 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)24891880X (DE-600)1444574-8 (DE-576)068745818 1435-9529 nnns volume:81 year:2022 number:11 day:07 month:10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO AR 81 2022 11 07 10 |
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10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x doi (DE-627)OLC2079683683 (DE-He213)s10064-022-02955-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 600 VZ Liu, Jialiang verfasserin aut Saturated permeability of compacted loess based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). Compacted loess Saturated hydraulic conductivity Microstructure Pore water distribution Compaction criteria Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Xu, Qiang (orcid)0000-0003-1304-4742 aut Li, Pinliang aut He, Pan aut Pu, Chuanhao aut Zhao, Kuanyao aut Peng, Dalei aut Wang, Zhuo aut Enthalten in Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998 81(2022), 11 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)24891880X (DE-600)1444574-8 (DE-576)068745818 1435-9529 nnns volume:81 year:2022 number:11 day:07 month:10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO AR 81 2022 11 07 10 |
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10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x doi (DE-627)OLC2079683683 (DE-He213)s10064-022-02955-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 600 VZ Liu, Jialiang verfasserin aut Saturated permeability of compacted loess based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). Compacted loess Saturated hydraulic conductivity Microstructure Pore water distribution Compaction criteria Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Xu, Qiang (orcid)0000-0003-1304-4742 aut Li, Pinliang aut He, Pan aut Pu, Chuanhao aut Zhao, Kuanyao aut Peng, Dalei aut Wang, Zhuo aut Enthalten in Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998 81(2022), 11 vom: 07. Okt. (DE-627)24891880X (DE-600)1444574-8 (DE-576)068745818 1435-9529 nnns volume:81 year:2022 number:11 day:07 month:10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02955-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO AR 81 2022 11 07 10 |
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Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. 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Saturated permeability of compacted loess based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) |
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Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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Abstract The hydraulic properties of compacted loess are important to engineering construction in loess regions. In this study, filling loess collected from the filled valley regions of Yan’an New District, China, is taken as the research object to explore the influence of compaction conditions on the saturated permeability based on permeability test and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A method for determining the transverse relaxation time (T2) cut-off value of loess (1.53 ms) from the freezing point is developed. The surface relaxivity is determined (14 μm/s) by combining T2 distribution and mercury pore size density; accordingly, the minimum entrance pore diameter for free water in the compacted loess is determined (0.09 μm). The joint analysis of pore size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore water distribution can more accurately evaluate the opposing permeability of loose and dense loess, as well as the different magnitudes of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in dry and wet loess. Analysis results indicate that the increasing dry density mainly results in the compression of inter-aggregate pores (> 0.2 μm), the severe loss of pore connectivity, and the severe restriction on the development and flow of free water; however, it has no effect on the dominant diameter (0.04 μm) of intra-aggregate pores. The increasing molding water content mainly promotes the emergence of interconnecting mesopores and macropores, and the looser the soil, the more obvious this promotion is. In addition, two modified models for the Ksat prediction are developed; accordingly, the microparameter-controlled water content-density criteria related to the saturated permeability of compacted loess are proposed and verified. These criteria can ensure the effective reduction of loess permeability after engineering compaction and can be better applied to the monitoring of the entire life cycle of engineering projects (such as design, construction, and control). © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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