Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)

Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	He, Jing [verfasserIn] Yu, Yang Sun, Lingxiao Zhang, Haiyan Malik, Ireneusz Wistuba, Malgorzata Yu, Ruide

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Land use Ecosystem services Spatial and temporal characteristics Aral Sea Sustainable

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Environmental science and pollution research - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994, 29(2022), 49 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 74416-74427
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:29 ; year:2022 ; number:49 ; day:31 ; month:05 ; pages:74416-74427

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0

Katalog-ID:	OLC2079705598

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520			\|a Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem.
650		4	\|a Land use
650		4	\|a Ecosystem services
650		4	\|a Spatial and temporal characteristics
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650		4	\|a Sustainable
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700	1		\|a Malik, Ireneusz \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Wistuba, Malgorzata \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Yu, Ruide \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2079705598 (DE-He213)s11356-022-21094-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid He, Jing verfasserin aut Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. Land use Ecosystem services Spatial and temporal characteristics Aral Sea Sustainable Yu, Yang aut Sun, Lingxiao aut Zhang, Haiyan aut Malik, Ireneusz aut Wistuba, Malgorzata aut Yu, Ruide aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 49 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 74416-74427 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:49 day:31 month:05 pages:74416-74427 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 49 31 05 74416-74427
spelling	10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2079705598 (DE-He213)s11356-022-21094-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid He, Jing verfasserin aut Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. Land use Ecosystem services Spatial and temporal characteristics Aral Sea Sustainable Yu, Yang aut Sun, Lingxiao aut Zhang, Haiyan aut Malik, Ireneusz aut Wistuba, Malgorzata aut Yu, Ruide aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 49 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 74416-74427 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:49 day:31 month:05 pages:74416-74427 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 49 31 05 74416-74427
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2079705598 (DE-He213)s11356-022-21094-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid He, Jing verfasserin aut Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. Land use Ecosystem services Spatial and temporal characteristics Aral Sea Sustainable Yu, Yang aut Sun, Lingxiao aut Zhang, Haiyan aut Malik, Ireneusz aut Wistuba, Malgorzata aut Yu, Ruide aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 49 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 74416-74427 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:49 day:31 month:05 pages:74416-74427 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 49 31 05 74416-74427
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2079705598 (DE-He213)s11356-022-21094-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid He, Jing verfasserin aut Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. Land use Ecosystem services Spatial and temporal characteristics Aral Sea Sustainable Yu, Yang aut Sun, Lingxiao aut Zhang, Haiyan aut Malik, Ireneusz aut Wistuba, Malgorzata aut Yu, Ruide aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 49 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 74416-74427 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:49 day:31 month:05 pages:74416-74427 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 49 31 05 74416-74427
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2079705598 (DE-He213)s11356-022-21094-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 360 333.7 VZ 690 333.7 540 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid He, Jing verfasserin aut Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018) 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. Land use Ecosystem services Spatial and temporal characteristics Aral Sea Sustainable Yu, Yang aut Sun, Lingxiao aut Zhang, Haiyan aut Malik, Ireneusz aut Wistuba, Malgorzata aut Yu, Ruide aut Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994 29(2022), 49 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 74416-74427 (DE-627)171335805 (DE-600)1178791-0 (DE-576)038875101 0944-1344 nnns volume:29 year:2022 number:49 day:31 month:05 pages:74416-74427 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_252 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 29 2022 49 31 05 74416-74427
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source	Enthalten in Environmental science and pollution research 29(2022), 49 vom: 31. Mai, Seite 74416-74427 volume:29 year:2022 number:49 day:31 month:05 pages:74416-74427
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author	He, Jing
spellingShingle	He, Jing ddc 570 ddc 690 fid BIODIV misc Land use misc Ecosystem services misc Spatial and temporal characteristics misc Aral Sea misc Sustainable Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)
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title	Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)
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title_full	Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)
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title_sort	spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the aral sea basin (1993–2018)
title_auth	Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)
abstract	Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022
abstractGer	Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022
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container_issue	49
title_short	Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)
url	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0
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author2	Yu, Yang Sun, Lingxiao Zhang, Haiyan Malik, Ireneusz Wistuba, Malgorzata Yu, Ruide
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From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. 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Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)

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