Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective

Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Zhang, Cheng [verfasserIn] Zheng, Yu Huang, Haihong Liu, Zhifeng Jing, Junfeng

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Life cycle assessment (LCA) Capacitor production process Multiple capacitor specifications Environmental management

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: The international journal of life cycle assessment - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996, 28(2022), 1 vom: 05. Dez., Seite 80-94
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:28 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; day:05 ; month:12 ; pages:80-94

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x

Katalog-ID:	OLC2080267604

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520			\|a Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components.
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allfields	10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x doi (DE-627)OLC2080267604 (DE-He213)s11367-022-02117-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 650 330 333.7 VZ 690 VZ Zhang, Cheng verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3388-4167 aut Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Life cycle assessment (LCA) Capacitor production process Multiple capacitor specifications Environmental management Zheng, Yu aut Huang, Haihong aut Liu, Zhifeng aut Jing, Junfeng aut Enthalten in The international journal of life cycle assessment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996 28(2022), 1 vom: 05. Dez., Seite 80-94 (DE-627)211584533 (DE-600)1319419-7 (DE-576)059728728 0948-3349 nnns volume:28 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:12 pages:80-94 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2022 1 05 12 80-94
spelling	10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x doi (DE-627)OLC2080267604 (DE-He213)s11367-022-02117-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 650 330 333.7 VZ 690 VZ Zhang, Cheng verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3388-4167 aut Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Life cycle assessment (LCA) Capacitor production process Multiple capacitor specifications Environmental management Zheng, Yu aut Huang, Haihong aut Liu, Zhifeng aut Jing, Junfeng aut Enthalten in The international journal of life cycle assessment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996 28(2022), 1 vom: 05. Dez., Seite 80-94 (DE-627)211584533 (DE-600)1319419-7 (DE-576)059728728 0948-3349 nnns volume:28 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:12 pages:80-94 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2022 1 05 12 80-94
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x doi (DE-627)OLC2080267604 (DE-He213)s11367-022-02117-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 650 330 333.7 VZ 690 VZ Zhang, Cheng verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3388-4167 aut Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Life cycle assessment (LCA) Capacitor production process Multiple capacitor specifications Environmental management Zheng, Yu aut Huang, Haihong aut Liu, Zhifeng aut Jing, Junfeng aut Enthalten in The international journal of life cycle assessment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996 28(2022), 1 vom: 05. Dez., Seite 80-94 (DE-627)211584533 (DE-600)1319419-7 (DE-576)059728728 0948-3349 nnns volume:28 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:12 pages:80-94 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2022 1 05 12 80-94
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x doi (DE-627)OLC2080267604 (DE-He213)s11367-022-02117-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 650 330 333.7 VZ 690 VZ Zhang, Cheng verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3388-4167 aut Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Life cycle assessment (LCA) Capacitor production process Multiple capacitor specifications Environmental management Zheng, Yu aut Huang, Haihong aut Liu, Zhifeng aut Jing, Junfeng aut Enthalten in The international journal of life cycle assessment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996 28(2022), 1 vom: 05. Dez., Seite 80-94 (DE-627)211584533 (DE-600)1319419-7 (DE-576)059728728 0948-3349 nnns volume:28 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:12 pages:80-94 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2022 1 05 12 80-94
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x doi (DE-627)OLC2080267604 (DE-He213)s11367-022-02117-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 650 330 333.7 VZ 690 VZ Zhang, Cheng verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-3388-4167 aut Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective 2022 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors Life cycle assessment (LCA) Capacitor production process Multiple capacitor specifications Environmental management Zheng, Yu aut Huang, Haihong aut Liu, Zhifeng aut Jing, Junfeng aut Enthalten in The international journal of life cycle assessment Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996 28(2022), 1 vom: 05. Dez., Seite 80-94 (DE-627)211584533 (DE-600)1319419-7 (DE-576)059728728 0948-3349 nnns volume:28 year:2022 number:1 day:05 month:12 pages:80-94 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-022-02117-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 28 2022 1 05 12 80-94
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. 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author	Zhang, Cheng
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title_sort	environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective
title_auth	Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective
abstract	Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstractGer	Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstract_unstemmed	Purpose Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are a type of indispensable electronic components in modern electronic and electrical products. They are designed and manufactured by a series of product specifications to meet the requirements of a variety of application scenarios. Efficient assessment of the potential environmental impact on AECs with different specification parameters in the product family is essential to implement sustainable product development for the manufacturers. Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
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title_short	Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective
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Methods A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of 38 types of AECs in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective. In the study, 100,000 AECs with specific rated working voltage (among 16 V, 25 V, and 35 V) and rated capacitance (among 4.7 to 6800 μF) produced by a capacitor manufacturer from Nantong, China, were selected as the functional unit. In the life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, a parametric LCI model for the product family was established by combining product family parameterization and production process parameterization. The impact assessment method, ReCiPe2016 (midpoint, hierarchist perspective), was used to quantitatively calculate the potential environmental impacts of the AECs. Results and discussion Based on the generated LCIs of the AECs and ReCiPe2016, fossil depletion, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity were identified as the key environmental impact categories in the production stage for the AEC product family. The environmental impacts of fossil consumption, climate change, and terrestrial ecotoxicity per functional unit ranged from 263 to 6777 kg oil equivalent, 884 to 23,760 kg $ CO_{2} $ equivalent, and 573 to 47,340 kg 1,4-DB equivalent, respectively. The environmental impact differences among the product family due to the differences in AECs’ specifications were compared. Aluminum ingots (anode), aluminum ingots (cathode), case, and electricity are the main contributors to the environmental impacts, accounting for over 85% of carbon emissions, over 70% of fossil consumption, and over 62% of terrestrial ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis of 12 parameters was investigated. Conclusions The results and the conclusions provide a solid foundation for capacitor manufacturers to carry out eco-design development, environmental management, and green marketing. The effect of eco-design optimization and process improvement of the AECs can be quantitatively compared through the established model. Furthermore, the study supports the application and promotion of the AEC eco-label with specific specifications in the AEC industry. The methodology also gives guidance for the LCA studies of product families of other electronic and electrical components.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Aluminum electrolytic capacitors</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Life cycle assessment (LCA)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Capacitor production process</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Multiple capacitor specifications</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Environmental management</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zheng, Yu</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Huang, Haihong</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liu, Zhifeng</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jing, Junfeng</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">The international journal of life cycle assessment</subfield><subfield code="d">Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996</subfield><subfield code="g">28(2022), 1 vom: 05. 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Environmental impact assessment of aluminum electrolytic capacitors in a product family from the manufacturer’s perspective

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