Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway
Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland co...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Wright, Richard F. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
1976 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Systematik: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Water, air & soil pollution - Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971, 6(1976), 2-4 vom: Juni, Seite 483-499 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:6 ; year:1976 ; number:2-4 ; month:06 ; pages:483-499 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/BF00182887 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2084426758 |
|---|
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway |
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| 520 | |a Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Fish Population | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Lake Basin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Freshwater Ecosystem | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Benthic Invertebrate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Precipitation Chemistry | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dale, Torstein |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gjessing, Egil T. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hendrey, George R. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Henriksen, Arne |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Johannessen, Merete |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Muniz, Ivar P. |4 aut | |
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10.1007/BF00182887 doi (DE-627)OLC2084426758 (DE-He213)BF00182887-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Wright, Richard F. verfasserin aut Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway 1976 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. Fish Population Lake Basin Freshwater Ecosystem Benthic Invertebrate Precipitation Chemistry Dale, Torstein aut Gjessing, Egil T. aut Hendrey, George R. aut Henriksen, Arne aut Johannessen, Merete aut Muniz, Ivar P. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 6(1976), 2-4 vom: Juni, Seite 483-499 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:6 year:1976 number:2-4 month:06 pages:483-499 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182887 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 GBV_ILN_4325 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 6 1976 2-4 06 483-499 |
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10.1007/BF00182887 doi (DE-627)OLC2084426758 (DE-He213)BF00182887-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Wright, Richard F. verfasserin aut Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway 1976 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. Fish Population Lake Basin Freshwater Ecosystem Benthic Invertebrate Precipitation Chemistry Dale, Torstein aut Gjessing, Egil T. aut Hendrey, George R. aut Henriksen, Arne aut Johannessen, Merete aut Muniz, Ivar P. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 6(1976), 2-4 vom: Juni, Seite 483-499 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:6 year:1976 number:2-4 month:06 pages:483-499 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182887 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 GBV_ILN_4325 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 6 1976 2-4 06 483-499 |
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10.1007/BF00182887 doi (DE-627)OLC2084426758 (DE-He213)BF00182887-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Wright, Richard F. verfasserin aut Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway 1976 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. Fish Population Lake Basin Freshwater Ecosystem Benthic Invertebrate Precipitation Chemistry Dale, Torstein aut Gjessing, Egil T. aut Hendrey, George R. aut Henriksen, Arne aut Johannessen, Merete aut Muniz, Ivar P. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 6(1976), 2-4 vom: Juni, Seite 483-499 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:6 year:1976 number:2-4 month:06 pages:483-499 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182887 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 GBV_ILN_4325 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 6 1976 2-4 06 483-499 |
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10.1007/BF00182887 doi (DE-627)OLC2084426758 (DE-He213)BF00182887-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Wright, Richard F. verfasserin aut Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway 1976 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. Fish Population Lake Basin Freshwater Ecosystem Benthic Invertebrate Precipitation Chemistry Dale, Torstein aut Gjessing, Egil T. aut Hendrey, George R. aut Henriksen, Arne aut Johannessen, Merete aut Muniz, Ivar P. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 6(1976), 2-4 vom: Juni, Seite 483-499 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:6 year:1976 number:2-4 month:06 pages:483-499 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182887 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 GBV_ILN_4325 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 6 1976 2-4 06 483-499 |
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10.1007/BF00182887 doi (DE-627)OLC2084426758 (DE-He213)BF00182887-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Wright, Richard F. verfasserin aut Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway 1976 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. Fish Population Lake Basin Freshwater Ecosystem Benthic Invertebrate Precipitation Chemistry Dale, Torstein aut Gjessing, Egil T. aut Hendrey, George R. aut Henriksen, Arne aut Johannessen, Merete aut Muniz, Ivar P. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 6(1976), 2-4 vom: Juni, Seite 483-499 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:6 year:1976 number:2-4 month:06 pages:483-499 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182887 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4103 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 GBV_ILN_4325 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 6 1976 2-4 06 483-499 |
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570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway Fish Population Lake Basin Freshwater Ecosystem Benthic Invertebrate Precipitation Chemistry |
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Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway |
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Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway |
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Wright, Richard F. Dale, Torstein Gjessing, Egil T. Hendrey, George R. Henriksen, Arne Johannessen, Merete Muniz, Ivar P. |
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impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in norway |
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Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway |
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Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. © D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. © D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed. © D. Reidel Publishing Company 1976 |
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Reidel Publishing Company 1976</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Extensive studies of precipitation chemistry during the last 20 yr have clearly shown that highly polluted precipitation falls over large areas of Scandinavia, and that this pollution is increasing in severity and geographical extent. Precipitation in southern Norway, Sweden, and Finland contains large amounts of $ H^{+} $, $ SO^{=} $4, and $ NO^{−} $3 ions, along with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, that originate as air pollutants in the highly industrialized areas of Great Britain and central Europe and are transported over long distances to Scandinavia, where they are deposited in precipitation and dry-fallout. In Norway the acidification of fresh waters and accompanying decline and disappearance of fish populations were first reported in the 1920s, and since then in Sørlandet (southernmost Norway) the salmon have been eliminated from several rivers and hundreds of lakes have lost their fisheries. Justifiably, acid precipitation has become Norway's number-one environmental problem, and in 1972 the government launched a major research project entitled ‘Acid precipitation — effects on forest and fish’, (the SNSF-project). Studies of freshwater ecosystems conducted by the SNSF-project include intensive research at 10 gauged watersheds and lake basins in critical acid-areas of southern Norway, extensive surveys of the geographical extent and severity of the problem over all of Norway, and field and laboratory experiments on the effect of acid waters on the growth and physiology of a variety of organisms. Large areas of western, southern, and eastern Norway have been adversely affected by acid precipitation. The pH of many lakes is below 5.0, and sulfate, rather than bicarbonate, is the major anion. Lakes in these areas are particularly vulnerable to acid precipitation because their watersheds are underlain by highly resistant bedrock with low Ca and Mg contents. Apart from the well-documented decline in fish populations, relatively little is known about the effects of acid precipitation on the biology of these aquatic ecosystems. Biological surveys indicate that low pH-values inhibit the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, decrease the species number of phyto-and zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, and promote the growth of benthic mosses. Acid precipitation is affecting larger and larger areas of Norway. The source of the pollutants is industrial Europe, and the prognosis is a continued increase in fossil-fuel consumption. The short-term effects of the increasing acidity of freshwater ecosystems involve interference at every trophic level. The long-term impact may be quite drastic indeed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Fish Population</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Lake Basin</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Freshwater Ecosystem</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Benthic Invertebrate</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Precipitation Chemistry</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dale, Torstein</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Gjessing, Egil T.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hendrey, George R.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Henriksen, Arne</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Johannessen, Merete</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Muniz, Ivar P.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Water, air & soil pollution</subfield><subfield code="d">Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971</subfield><subfield code="g">6(1976), 2-4 vom: Juni, Seite 483-499</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)12929134X</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)120499-3</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)014472643</subfield><subfield code="x">0049-6979</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:6</subfield><subfield code="g">year:1976</subfield><subfield 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