An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. Ra...
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Autor*in:	Morales, J. A. [verfasserIn] Albornoz, A. Socorro, E. Morillo, A.

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2001

Systematik:	ZC 7520 ZC 7520

Anmerkung:	© Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Water, air & soil pollution - Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971, 128(2001), 3-4 vom: Juni, Seite 207-221
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:128 ; year:2001 ; number:3-4 ; month:06 ; pages:207-221

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1023/A:1010347913832

Katalog-ID:	OLC2084480353

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245	1	0	\|a An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
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520			\|a Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system.
700	1		\|a Albornoz, A. \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Socorro, E. \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Morillo, A. \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1023/A:1010347913832 doi (DE-627)OLC2084480353 (DE-He213)A:1010347913832-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Morales, J. A. verfasserin aut An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela 2001 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001 Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system. Albornoz, A. aut Socorro, E. aut Morillo, A. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 128(2001), 3-4 vom: Juni, Seite 207-221 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:128 year:2001 number:3-4 month:06 pages:207-221 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010347913832 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 128 2001 3-4 06 207-221
spelling	10.1023/A:1010347913832 doi (DE-627)OLC2084480353 (DE-He213)A:1010347913832-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Morales, J. A. verfasserin aut An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela 2001 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001 Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system. Albornoz, A. aut Socorro, E. aut Morillo, A. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 128(2001), 3-4 vom: Juni, Seite 207-221 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:128 year:2001 number:3-4 month:06 pages:207-221 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010347913832 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 128 2001 3-4 06 207-221
allfields_unstemmed	10.1023/A:1010347913832 doi (DE-627)OLC2084480353 (DE-He213)A:1010347913832-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Morales, J. A. verfasserin aut An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela 2001 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001 Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system. Albornoz, A. aut Socorro, E. aut Morillo, A. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 128(2001), 3-4 vom: Juni, Seite 207-221 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:128 year:2001 number:3-4 month:06 pages:207-221 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010347913832 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 128 2001 3-4 06 207-221
allfieldsGer	10.1023/A:1010347913832 doi (DE-627)OLC2084480353 (DE-He213)A:1010347913832-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Morales, J. A. verfasserin aut An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela 2001 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001 Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system. Albornoz, A. aut Socorro, E. aut Morillo, A. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 128(2001), 3-4 vom: Juni, Seite 207-221 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:128 year:2001 number:3-4 month:06 pages:207-221 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010347913832 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 128 2001 3-4 06 207-221
allfieldsSound	10.1023/A:1010347913832 doi (DE-627)OLC2084480353 (DE-He213)A:1010347913832-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Morales, J. A. verfasserin aut An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela 2001 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001 Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system. Albornoz, A. aut Socorro, E. aut Morillo, A. aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971 128(2001), 3-4 vom: Juni, Seite 207-221 (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:128 year:2001 number:3-4 month:06 pages:207-221 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010347913832 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2012 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4082 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4309 GBV_ILN_4311 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4315 ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 128 2001 3-4 06 207-221
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A.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2001</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. 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author	Morales, J. A.
spellingShingle	Morales, J. A. ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV rvk ZC 7520 An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
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title	An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
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title_full	An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
author_sort	Morales, J. A.
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author_browse	Morales, J. A. Albornoz, A. Socorro, E. Morillo, A.
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title_sort	an estimation of the nitrogen and phosphorus loading by wet deposition over lake maracaibo, venezuela
title_auth	An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
abstract	Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system. © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001
abstractGer	Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system. © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system. © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001
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title_short	An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
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author2	Albornoz, A. Socorro, E. Morillo, A.
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up_date	2024-07-04T02:58:38.116Z
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A.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2001</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. $ NH_{4} $+ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg $ L^{-1} $$ NH_{4} $-N) than $ NO_{3} $-plus $ NO_{2} $-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen (($ NH_{4} $ + $ NO_{3} $ +$ NO_{2} $)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg $ L^{-1} $; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg $ ha^{-1} $ $ yr^{-1} $ (≈59% $ asNH_{4} $-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg $ ha^{-1} $$ yr^{-1} $ (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg $ ha^{-1} $ of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35∼1 to 100∼1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Albornoz, A.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Socorro, E.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Morillo, A.</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Water, air & soil pollution</subfield><subfield code="d">Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1971</subfield><subfield code="g">128(2001), 3-4 vom: Juni, Seite 207-221</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)12929134X</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)120499-3</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)014472643</subfield><subfield code="x">0049-6979</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:128</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2001</subfield><subfield code="g">number:3-4</subfield><subfield code="g">month:06</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:207-221</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="1"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010347913832</subfield><subfield code="z">lizenzpflichtig</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_OLC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">FID-BIODIV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-UMW</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-TEC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-FOR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-IBL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OPC-GGO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4082</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4219</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4309</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4311</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4314</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4315</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="r" ind2="v"><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="r" ind2="v"><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">128</subfield><subfield code="j">2001</subfield><subfield code="e">3-4</subfield><subfield code="c">06</subfield><subfield code="h">207-221</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

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