Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Deniz, Matheus [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© ISB 2020 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: International journal of biometeorology - Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1961, 64(2020), 11 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 1877-1887 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:64 ; year:2020 ; number:11 ; day:31 ; month:07 ; pages:1877-1887 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2120301751 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Animal welfare | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Applied nucleation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bioclimatology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ecological restoration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Shaded pasture | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schmitt Filho, Abdon L. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hötzel, Maria J. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a de Sousa, Karolini T. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Pinheiro Machado Filho, Luiz C. |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sinisgalli, Paulo A. |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2120301751 (DE-He213)s00484-020-01975-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 VZ 570 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Deniz, Matheus verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8079-0070 aut Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ISB 2020 Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. Animal welfare Applied nucleation Bioclimatology Ecological restoration Shaded pasture Schmitt Filho, Abdon L. aut Hötzel, Maria J. aut de Sousa, Karolini T. aut Pinheiro Machado Filho, Luiz C. aut Sinisgalli, Paulo A. aut Enthalten in International journal of biometeorology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1961 64(2020), 11 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 1877-1887 (DE-627)12985106X (DE-600)280324-0 (DE-576)015150259 0020-7128 nnns volume:64 year:2020 number:11 day:31 month:07 pages:1877-1887 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 64 2020 11 31 07 1877-1887 |
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10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2120301751 (DE-He213)s00484-020-01975-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 VZ 570 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Deniz, Matheus verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8079-0070 aut Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ISB 2020 Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. Animal welfare Applied nucleation Bioclimatology Ecological restoration Shaded pasture Schmitt Filho, Abdon L. aut Hötzel, Maria J. aut de Sousa, Karolini T. aut Pinheiro Machado Filho, Luiz C. aut Sinisgalli, Paulo A. aut Enthalten in International journal of biometeorology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1961 64(2020), 11 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 1877-1887 (DE-627)12985106X (DE-600)280324-0 (DE-576)015150259 0020-7128 nnns volume:64 year:2020 number:11 day:31 month:07 pages:1877-1887 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 64 2020 11 31 07 1877-1887 |
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10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2120301751 (DE-He213)s00484-020-01975-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 VZ 570 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Deniz, Matheus verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8079-0070 aut Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ISB 2020 Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. Animal welfare Applied nucleation Bioclimatology Ecological restoration Shaded pasture Schmitt Filho, Abdon L. aut Hötzel, Maria J. aut de Sousa, Karolini T. aut Pinheiro Machado Filho, Luiz C. aut Sinisgalli, Paulo A. aut Enthalten in International journal of biometeorology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1961 64(2020), 11 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 1877-1887 (DE-627)12985106X (DE-600)280324-0 (DE-576)015150259 0020-7128 nnns volume:64 year:2020 number:11 day:31 month:07 pages:1877-1887 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 64 2020 11 31 07 1877-1887 |
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10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2120301751 (DE-He213)s00484-020-01975-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 VZ 570 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Deniz, Matheus verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8079-0070 aut Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ISB 2020 Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. Animal welfare Applied nucleation Bioclimatology Ecological restoration Shaded pasture Schmitt Filho, Abdon L. aut Hötzel, Maria J. aut de Sousa, Karolini T. aut Pinheiro Machado Filho, Luiz C. aut Sinisgalli, Paulo A. aut Enthalten in International journal of biometeorology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1961 64(2020), 11 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 1877-1887 (DE-627)12985106X (DE-600)280324-0 (DE-576)015150259 0020-7128 nnns volume:64 year:2020 number:11 day:31 month:07 pages:1877-1887 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 64 2020 11 31 07 1877-1887 |
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10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2120301751 (DE-He213)s00484-020-01975-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 VZ 570 VZ 12 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid Deniz, Matheus verfasserin (orcid)0000-0001-8079-0070 aut Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © ISB 2020 Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. Animal welfare Applied nucleation Bioclimatology Ecological restoration Shaded pasture Schmitt Filho, Abdon L. aut Hötzel, Maria J. aut de Sousa, Karolini T. aut Pinheiro Machado Filho, Luiz C. aut Sinisgalli, Paulo A. aut Enthalten in International journal of biometeorology Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1961 64(2020), 11 vom: 31. Juli, Seite 1877-1887 (DE-627)12985106X (DE-600)280324-0 (DE-576)015150259 0020-7128 nnns volume:64 year:2020 number:11 day:31 month:07 pages:1877-1887 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_4277 AR 64 2020 11 31 07 1877-1887 |
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Deniz, Matheus @@aut@@ Schmitt Filho, Abdon L. @@aut@@ Hötzel, Maria J. @@aut@@ de Sousa, Karolini T. @@aut@@ Pinheiro Machado Filho, Luiz C. @@aut@@ Sinisgalli, Paulo A. @@aut@@ |
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We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). 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microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in southern brazil |
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Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil |
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. © ISB 2020 |
| abstractGer |
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. © ISB 2020 |
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade. © ISB 2020 |
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