An Ultra-Low-Voltage VCO-Based ΔΣ Modulator Using Self-compensated Current Reference for Variation Tolerance
Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transisto...
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Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Narasimman, Neelakantan [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Circuits, systems and signal processing - Springer US, 1982, 40(2020), 3 vom: 19. Aug., Seite 1089-1110 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:40 ; year:2020 ; number:3 ; day:19 ; month:08 ; pages:1089-1110 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 |
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OLC212401238X |
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| 520 | |a Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. | ||
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10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 doi (DE-627)OLC212401238X (DE-He213)s00034-020-01523-6-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 VZ Narasimman, Neelakantan verfasserin aut An Ultra-Low-Voltage VCO-Based ΔΣ Modulator Using Self-compensated Current Reference for Variation Tolerance 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. VCO-based Δ modulator Ultra-low voltage Ultra-low power Current reference VCO integrator Kim, Tony Tae-Hyoung (orcid)0000-0002-1779-1799 aut Enthalten in Circuits, systems and signal processing Springer US, 1982 40(2020), 3 vom: 19. Aug., Seite 1089-1110 (DE-627)130312134 (DE-600)588684-3 (DE-576)015889939 0278-081X nnns volume:40 year:2020 number:3 day:19 month:08 pages:1089-1110 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_2244 AR 40 2020 3 19 08 1089-1110 |
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10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 doi (DE-627)OLC212401238X (DE-He213)s00034-020-01523-6-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 VZ Narasimman, Neelakantan verfasserin aut An Ultra-Low-Voltage VCO-Based ΔΣ Modulator Using Self-compensated Current Reference for Variation Tolerance 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. VCO-based Δ modulator Ultra-low voltage Ultra-low power Current reference VCO integrator Kim, Tony Tae-Hyoung (orcid)0000-0002-1779-1799 aut Enthalten in Circuits, systems and signal processing Springer US, 1982 40(2020), 3 vom: 19. Aug., Seite 1089-1110 (DE-627)130312134 (DE-600)588684-3 (DE-576)015889939 0278-081X nnns volume:40 year:2020 number:3 day:19 month:08 pages:1089-1110 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_2244 AR 40 2020 3 19 08 1089-1110 |
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10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 doi (DE-627)OLC212401238X (DE-He213)s00034-020-01523-6-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 VZ Narasimman, Neelakantan verfasserin aut An Ultra-Low-Voltage VCO-Based ΔΣ Modulator Using Self-compensated Current Reference for Variation Tolerance 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. VCO-based Δ modulator Ultra-low voltage Ultra-low power Current reference VCO integrator Kim, Tony Tae-Hyoung (orcid)0000-0002-1779-1799 aut Enthalten in Circuits, systems and signal processing Springer US, 1982 40(2020), 3 vom: 19. Aug., Seite 1089-1110 (DE-627)130312134 (DE-600)588684-3 (DE-576)015889939 0278-081X nnns volume:40 year:2020 number:3 day:19 month:08 pages:1089-1110 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_2244 AR 40 2020 3 19 08 1089-1110 |
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10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 doi (DE-627)OLC212401238X (DE-He213)s00034-020-01523-6-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 VZ Narasimman, Neelakantan verfasserin aut An Ultra-Low-Voltage VCO-Based ΔΣ Modulator Using Self-compensated Current Reference for Variation Tolerance 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. VCO-based Δ modulator Ultra-low voltage Ultra-low power Current reference VCO integrator Kim, Tony Tae-Hyoung (orcid)0000-0002-1779-1799 aut Enthalten in Circuits, systems and signal processing Springer US, 1982 40(2020), 3 vom: 19. Aug., Seite 1089-1110 (DE-627)130312134 (DE-600)588684-3 (DE-576)015889939 0278-081X nnns volume:40 year:2020 number:3 day:19 month:08 pages:1089-1110 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_2244 AR 40 2020 3 19 08 1089-1110 |
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10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 doi (DE-627)OLC212401238X (DE-He213)s00034-020-01523-6-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 600 VZ Narasimman, Neelakantan verfasserin aut An Ultra-Low-Voltage VCO-Based ΔΣ Modulator Using Self-compensated Current Reference for Variation Tolerance 2020 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. VCO-based Δ modulator Ultra-low voltage Ultra-low power Current reference VCO integrator Kim, Tony Tae-Hyoung (orcid)0000-0002-1779-1799 aut Enthalten in Circuits, systems and signal processing Springer US, 1982 40(2020), 3 vom: 19. Aug., Seite 1089-1110 (DE-627)130312134 (DE-600)588684-3 (DE-576)015889939 0278-081X nnns volume:40 year:2020 number:3 day:19 month:08 pages:1089-1110 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01523-6 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_2244 AR 40 2020 3 19 08 1089-1110 |
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Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 |
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Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract This paper introduces a voltage-controlled-oscillator-based (VCO-based) first-order delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator that uses a novel current reference to improve the robustness of the modulator at ultra-low operating voltages. The proposed current reference harnesses the difference in transistor characteristics between weak inversion and moderate inversion to generate residue voltage, which is a function of process and temperature variations. The current generated by the proposed reference is used to bias a fully differential VCO integrator and a feedback current digital-to-analog conversion in the delta-sigma modulator for variation tolerance. Test chips designed and fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology operate successfully at 0.3 V and achieve SNDR of 56.1 dB across 10 kHz bandwidth while consuming only 510 nW of power. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure of merit of 49 fJ/conv.-step. Measurement results for the proposed current reference and the modulator also demonstrate 3 × and 20 × improvement in process and temperature variation tolerance, respectively, while operating at such low voltages. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 |
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An Ultra-Low-Voltage VCO-Based ΔΣ Modulator Using Self-compensated Current Reference for Variation Tolerance |
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