Fracture Mechanism of Sandstone Under Triaxial Extension at Different Loading Rates
Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range...
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| Autor*in: |
Ma, Chunde [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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Enthalten in: Rock mechanics and rock engineering - Springer Vienna, 1983, 56(2023), 5 vom: 07. Feb., Seite 3429-3450 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:56 ; year:2023 ; number:5 ; day:07 ; month:02 ; pages:3429-3450 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x |
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OLC2134727241 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. | ||
| 520 | |a Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Triaxial extension | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Loading rate | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fracture mechanism | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Surface morphology | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tan, Guanshuang |0 (orcid)0000-0002-1097-9844 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lv, Zhihai |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yang, Wenyuan |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Junjie |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x doi (DE-627)OLC2134727241 (DE-He213)s00603-023-03246-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 16,13 19,1 ssgn Ma, Chunde verfasserin aut Fracture Mechanism of Sandstone Under Triaxial Extension at Different Loading Rates 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. Triaxial extension Loading rate Fracture mechanism Surface morphology Tan, Guanshuang (orcid)0000-0002-1097-9844 aut Lv, Zhihai aut Yang, Wenyuan aut Zhang, Junjie aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Springer Vienna, 1983 56(2023), 5 vom: 07. Feb., Seite 3429-3450 (DE-627)129620696 (DE-600)246075-0 (DE-576)015126897 0723-2632 nnns volume:56 year:2023 number:5 day:07 month:02 pages:3429-3450 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_2004 AR 56 2023 5 07 02 3429-3450 |
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10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x doi (DE-627)OLC2134727241 (DE-He213)s00603-023-03246-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 16,13 19,1 ssgn Ma, Chunde verfasserin aut Fracture Mechanism of Sandstone Under Triaxial Extension at Different Loading Rates 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. Triaxial extension Loading rate Fracture mechanism Surface morphology Tan, Guanshuang (orcid)0000-0002-1097-9844 aut Lv, Zhihai aut Yang, Wenyuan aut Zhang, Junjie aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Springer Vienna, 1983 56(2023), 5 vom: 07. Feb., Seite 3429-3450 (DE-627)129620696 (DE-600)246075-0 (DE-576)015126897 0723-2632 nnns volume:56 year:2023 number:5 day:07 month:02 pages:3429-3450 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_2004 AR 56 2023 5 07 02 3429-3450 |
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10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x doi (DE-627)OLC2134727241 (DE-He213)s00603-023-03246-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 16,13 19,1 ssgn Ma, Chunde verfasserin aut Fracture Mechanism of Sandstone Under Triaxial Extension at Different Loading Rates 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. Triaxial extension Loading rate Fracture mechanism Surface morphology Tan, Guanshuang (orcid)0000-0002-1097-9844 aut Lv, Zhihai aut Yang, Wenyuan aut Zhang, Junjie aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Springer Vienna, 1983 56(2023), 5 vom: 07. Feb., Seite 3429-3450 (DE-627)129620696 (DE-600)246075-0 (DE-576)015126897 0723-2632 nnns volume:56 year:2023 number:5 day:07 month:02 pages:3429-3450 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_2004 AR 56 2023 5 07 02 3429-3450 |
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10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x doi (DE-627)OLC2134727241 (DE-He213)s00603-023-03246-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 16,13 19,1 ssgn Ma, Chunde verfasserin aut Fracture Mechanism of Sandstone Under Triaxial Extension at Different Loading Rates 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. Triaxial extension Loading rate Fracture mechanism Surface morphology Tan, Guanshuang (orcid)0000-0002-1097-9844 aut Lv, Zhihai aut Yang, Wenyuan aut Zhang, Junjie aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Springer Vienna, 1983 56(2023), 5 vom: 07. Feb., Seite 3429-3450 (DE-627)129620696 (DE-600)246075-0 (DE-576)015126897 0723-2632 nnns volume:56 year:2023 number:5 day:07 month:02 pages:3429-3450 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_2004 AR 56 2023 5 07 02 3429-3450 |
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10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x doi (DE-627)OLC2134727241 (DE-He213)s00603-023-03246-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 16,13 19,1 ssgn Ma, Chunde verfasserin aut Fracture Mechanism of Sandstone Under Triaxial Extension at Different Loading Rates 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. Triaxial extension Loading rate Fracture mechanism Surface morphology Tan, Guanshuang (orcid)0000-0002-1097-9844 aut Lv, Zhihai aut Yang, Wenyuan aut Zhang, Junjie aut Enthalten in Rock mechanics and rock engineering Springer Vienna, 1983 56(2023), 5 vom: 07. Feb., Seite 3429-3450 (DE-627)129620696 (DE-600)246075-0 (DE-576)015126897 0723-2632 nnns volume:56 year:2023 number:5 day:07 month:02 pages:3429-3450 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03246-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_2004 AR 56 2023 5 07 02 3429-3450 |
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fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates |
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Fracture Mechanism of Sandstone Under Triaxial Extension at Different Loading Rates |
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Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract After excavation, the rock mass often fails in the state of triaxial extension. To explore the fracture mechanism of sandstone under triaxial extension at different loading rates, the triaxial extension tests under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa with different loading rates (range from 1 × $ 10^{–4} $ to 1 mm/s) were carried out on sandstone. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D optical scanning were used to obtain fracture characteristics. The results show that failure strength and elastic modulus increase with the increasing loading rate. Based on the analysis of asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, fractal dimension, and fracture pattern, the fracture mechanism of sandstone at different loading rates was obtained: at a lower loading rate, microcracks propagate along weak structures. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; grow into shear cracks under higher confining pressure. At a higher loading rate, more grains are damaged. Microcracks grow into tensile cracks under lower confining pressure; microcracks grow into tensile–shear cracks under higher confining pressure. Highlights Triaxial extension tests at different loading rates were carried out on sandstone under confining pressure of 10 MPa and 30 MPa.The fracture patterns at different loading rates were determined.The 3D morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces were obtained by using 3D optical scanner, and asperity height, slope angle, aspect direction, and fractal dimension were calculated.The influence of confining pressure and loading rate on fracture behavior was determined. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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