Statistics of Wind Farm Wakes for Different Layouts and Ground Roughness
Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are exam...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Wang, Zewei [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Boundary layer meteorology - Springer Netherlands, 1970, 188(2023), 2 vom: 02. Juni, Seite 285-320 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:188 ; year:2023 ; number:2 ; day:02 ; month:06 ; pages:285-320 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2144293635 |
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| 520 | |a Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. | ||
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10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2144293635 (DE-He213)s10546-023-00814-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Wang, Zewei verfasserin aut Statistics of Wind Farm Wakes for Different Layouts and Ground Roughness 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. Wind farm Wakes Boundary layer Dong, Guodan aut Li, Zhaobin aut Yang, Xiaolei aut Enthalten in Boundary layer meteorology Springer Netherlands, 1970 188(2023), 2 vom: 02. Juni, Seite 285-320 (DE-627)129610410 (DE-600)242879-9 (DE-576)015105679 0006-8314 nnns volume:188 year:2023 number:2 day:02 month:06 pages:285-320 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_601 AR 188 2023 2 02 06 285-320 |
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10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2144293635 (DE-He213)s10546-023-00814-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Wang, Zewei verfasserin aut Statistics of Wind Farm Wakes for Different Layouts and Ground Roughness 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. Wind farm Wakes Boundary layer Dong, Guodan aut Li, Zhaobin aut Yang, Xiaolei aut Enthalten in Boundary layer meteorology Springer Netherlands, 1970 188(2023), 2 vom: 02. Juni, Seite 285-320 (DE-627)129610410 (DE-600)242879-9 (DE-576)015105679 0006-8314 nnns volume:188 year:2023 number:2 day:02 month:06 pages:285-320 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_601 AR 188 2023 2 02 06 285-320 |
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10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2144293635 (DE-He213)s10546-023-00814-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Wang, Zewei verfasserin aut Statistics of Wind Farm Wakes for Different Layouts and Ground Roughness 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. Wind farm Wakes Boundary layer Dong, Guodan aut Li, Zhaobin aut Yang, Xiaolei aut Enthalten in Boundary layer meteorology Springer Netherlands, 1970 188(2023), 2 vom: 02. Juni, Seite 285-320 (DE-627)129610410 (DE-600)242879-9 (DE-576)015105679 0006-8314 nnns volume:188 year:2023 number:2 day:02 month:06 pages:285-320 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_601 AR 188 2023 2 02 06 285-320 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2144293635 (DE-He213)s10546-023-00814-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Wang, Zewei verfasserin aut Statistics of Wind Farm Wakes for Different Layouts and Ground Roughness 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. Wind farm Wakes Boundary layer Dong, Guodan aut Li, Zhaobin aut Yang, Xiaolei aut Enthalten in Boundary layer meteorology Springer Netherlands, 1970 188(2023), 2 vom: 02. Juni, Seite 285-320 (DE-627)129610410 (DE-600)242879-9 (DE-576)015105679 0006-8314 nnns volume:188 year:2023 number:2 day:02 month:06 pages:285-320 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_601 AR 188 2023 2 02 06 285-320 |
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10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2144293635 (DE-He213)s10546-023-00814-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 VZ 16,13 ssgn Wang, Zewei verfasserin aut Statistics of Wind Farm Wakes for Different Layouts and Ground Roughness 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. Wind farm Wakes Boundary layer Dong, Guodan aut Li, Zhaobin aut Yang, Xiaolei aut Enthalten in Boundary layer meteorology Springer Netherlands, 1970 188(2023), 2 vom: 02. Juni, Seite 285-320 (DE-627)129610410 (DE-600)242879-9 (DE-576)015105679 0006-8314 nnns volume:188 year:2023 number:2 day:02 month:06 pages:285-320 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-023-00814-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_601 AR 188 2023 2 02 06 285-320 |
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Enthalten in Boundary layer meteorology 188(2023), 2 vom: 02. Juni, Seite 285-320 volume:188 year:2023 number:2 day:02 month:06 pages:285-320 |
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Enthalten in Boundary layer meteorology 188(2023), 2 vom: 02. Juni, Seite 285-320 volume:188 year:2023 number:2 day:02 month:06 pages:285-320 |
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Statistics of Wind Farm Wakes for Different Layouts and Ground Roughness |
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Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract In this work, wakes of wind farms are investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model for the wind turbine. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows and roughness lengths of ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes are examined. The simulation results showed that the effects of $$S_x$$ (streamwise turbine spacings) are mainly located in the near wake of wind farm (less than 20 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), where the turbulence intensity is higher for smaller values of $$S_x$$. In the far wake of wind farms (more than 90 rotor diameters downstream from the last row of the wind farm), the streamwise velocity deficit as well as the Reynolds stresses from cases with different streamwise turbine spacings are close to each other. For cases with more wind turbine rows ($$N_{row}$$) and larger roughness length of ground surface ($$k_0$$), faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity are observed. Terms in the budget equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) are examined. The analyses showed that the vertical MKE transport via mean convection and turbulence convection plays a dominant role in the velocity recovery in wind farm wakes, being different from the wind farm region where streamwise MKE flux due to mean convection also plays a role. Lastly, an analytical model for the velocity deficit in wind farm wake is proposed based on the Emeis model. Improvements on the model predictions are observed for all the simulated cases. The velocity deficit at one downstream location of the wind farm needs to be given is one major limitation of the analytical model of this type. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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