Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators

Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Kelarlou, Tohid Rouhi [verfasserIn] Golchin, Ahmad Toolarood, Ali-Ashraf Soltani

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Microbial biomass carbon Microbial respiration Microbial quotient Respiratory quotient

Systematik:	ZC 7520 ZC 7520

Anmerkung:	© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Water, air & soil pollution - Springer International Publishing, 1971, 234(2023), 9 vom: 19. Aug.
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:234 ; year:2023 ; number:9 ; day:19 ; month:08

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x

Katalog-ID:	OLC2145112839

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520			\|a Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production.
650		4	\|a Microbial biomass carbon
650		4	\|a Microbial respiration
650		4	\|a Microbial quotient
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700	1		\|a Golchin, Ahmad \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Toolarood, Ali-Ashraf Soltani \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x doi (DE-627)OLC2145112839 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06597-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Kelarlou, Tohid Rouhi verfasserin (orcid)0009-0005-5481-3239 aut Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. Microbial biomass carbon Microbial respiration Microbial quotient Respiratory quotient Golchin, Ahmad aut Toolarood, Ali-Ashraf Soltani aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 19. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:19 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 19 08
spelling	10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x doi (DE-627)OLC2145112839 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06597-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Kelarlou, Tohid Rouhi verfasserin (orcid)0009-0005-5481-3239 aut Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. Microbial biomass carbon Microbial respiration Microbial quotient Respiratory quotient Golchin, Ahmad aut Toolarood, Ali-Ashraf Soltani aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 19. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:19 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 19 08
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x doi (DE-627)OLC2145112839 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06597-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Kelarlou, Tohid Rouhi verfasserin (orcid)0009-0005-5481-3239 aut Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. Microbial biomass carbon Microbial respiration Microbial quotient Respiratory quotient Golchin, Ahmad aut Toolarood, Ali-Ashraf Soltani aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 19. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:19 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 19 08
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x doi (DE-627)OLC2145112839 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06597-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Kelarlou, Tohid Rouhi verfasserin (orcid)0009-0005-5481-3239 aut Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. Microbial biomass carbon Microbial respiration Microbial quotient Respiratory quotient Golchin, Ahmad aut Toolarood, Ali-Ashraf Soltani aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 19. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:19 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 19 08
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x doi (DE-627)OLC2145112839 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06597-x-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Kelarlou, Tohid Rouhi verfasserin (orcid)0009-0005-5481-3239 aut Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. Microbial biomass carbon Microbial respiration Microbial quotient Respiratory quotient Golchin, Ahmad aut Toolarood, Ali-Ashraf Soltani aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 19. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:19 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06597-x lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 19 08
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source	Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution 234(2023), 9 vom: 19. Aug. volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:19 month:08
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author	Kelarlou, Tohid Rouhi
spellingShingle	Kelarlou, Tohid Rouhi ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV rvk ZC 7520 misc Microbial biomass carbon misc Microbial respiration misc Microbial quotient misc Respiratory quotient Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators
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topic_title	570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators Microbial biomass carbon Microbial respiration Microbial quotient Respiratory quotient
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title	Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators
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title_full	Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators
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title_sort	evaluation of the impacts of clopyralid and butisanstar herbicides on selected soil microbial indicators
title_auth	Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators
abstract	Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstractGer	Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Herbicide application is a widely utilized approach for weed management in agriculture. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these chemical compounds can affect non-target soil microorganisms and their functions. To address this concern, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of Clopyralid, Butisanstar, and their combination (But + Clo) at different doses (zero, 0.5x, recommended field dose (x), 2x, and 5x) on microbial indicators, including microbial population, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial quotient ($ q_{micro} $), and respiratory quotient ($ qCO_{2} $) at 10, 30, 60, and 90 days following their application to the soil. The results revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in all microbial indicators (except $ qCO_{2} $, which exhibited an increase) compared to the control soil after herbicide application. Among the treatments, the combination of But + Clo exhibited the greatest decrease, followed by clopyralid and butisanstar. Bacterial populations experienced a more pronounced and persistent inhibitory effect from the herbicides compared to fungi, with a significant decrease (67%) observed from day 10 to day 30, followed by a less substantial decrease (12%) until day 90. The impact of clopyralid and butisanstar on microbial indicators demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship, with the highest and lowest values observed at 0.5 × and 5x doses, respectively. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the herbicides resulted in a substantial reduction of the evaluated indicators, particularly during the initial 30 days following application. However, temporary recovery and an increase in microbial indicators (excluding bacterial populations) were observed on day 60, likely due to the microbial community's adaptation to the applied herbicides. This study emphasizes the negative consequences of herbicide application on the soil microbial community, raising concerns regarding soil health, quality, and fertility in relation to crop production. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
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title_short	Evaluation of the Impacts of Clopyralid and Butisanstar Herbicides on Selected Soil Microbial Indicators
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