Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes
Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which inclu...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Niari, Maryam Hazrati [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
|---|
| Schlagwörter: |
|---|
| Systematik: |
|
|---|
| Anmerkung: |
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Water, air & soil pollution - Springer International Publishing, 1971, 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:234 ; year:2023 ; number:9 ; day:28 ; month:08 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
OLC2145267174 |
|---|
| LEADER | 01000naa a22002652 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | OLC2145267174 | ||
| 003 | DE-627 | ||
| 005 | 20240118103623.0 | ||
| 007 | tu | ||
| 008 | 240118s2023 xx ||||| 00| ||eng c | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a (DE-627)OLC2145267174 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p | ||
| 040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 082 | 0 | 4 | |a 570 |a 333.7 |q VZ |
| 084 | |a 12 |a 13 |2 ssgn | ||
| 084 | |a BIODIV |q DE-30 |2 fid | ||
| 084 | |a ZC 7520 |q VZ |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a ZC 7520 |q VZ |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Niari, Maryam Hazrati |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Band |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. | ||
| 520 | |a Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Microplastic | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wastewater | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wastewater treatment process | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dobaradaran, Sina |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dargahi, Abdollah |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Water, air & soil pollution |d Springer International Publishing, 1971 |g 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. |w (DE-627)12929134X |w (DE-600)120499-3 |w (DE-576)014472643 |x 0049-6979 |7 nnns |
| 773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:234 |g year:2023 |g number:9 |g day:28 |g month:08 |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |u https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 |z lizenzpflichtig |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a SYSFLAG_A | ||
| 912 | |a GBV_OLC | ||
| 912 | |a FID-BIODIV | ||
| 912 | |a SSG-OLC-UMW | ||
| 912 | |a SSG-OLC-TEC | ||
| 912 | |a SSG-OLC-FOR | ||
| 912 | |a SSG-OLC-IBL | ||
| 912 | |a SSG-OPC-GGO | ||
| 936 | r | v | |a ZC 7520 |
| 936 | r | v | |a ZC 7520 |
| 951 | |a AR | ||
| 952 | |d 234 |j 2023 |e 9 |b 28 |c 08 | ||
| author_variant |
m h n mh mhn n j nj s d sd m v n mv mvn a d ad |
|---|---|
| matchkey_str |
article:00496979:2023----::eesomcolsisohevrnethogwseaetetetlnstdofutps |
| hierarchy_sort_str |
2023 |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| allfields |
10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2145267174 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Niari, Maryam Hazrati verfasserin aut Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract Microplastic Wastewater Wastewater treatment process Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah aut Dobaradaran, Sina aut Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi aut Dargahi, Abdollah aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:28 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 28 08 |
| spelling |
10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2145267174 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Niari, Maryam Hazrati verfasserin aut Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract Microplastic Wastewater Wastewater treatment process Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah aut Dobaradaran, Sina aut Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi aut Dargahi, Abdollah aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:28 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 28 08 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2145267174 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Niari, Maryam Hazrati verfasserin aut Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract Microplastic Wastewater Wastewater treatment process Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah aut Dobaradaran, Sina aut Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi aut Dargahi, Abdollah aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:28 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 28 08 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2145267174 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Niari, Maryam Hazrati verfasserin aut Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract Microplastic Wastewater Wastewater treatment process Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah aut Dobaradaran, Sina aut Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi aut Dargahi, Abdollah aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:28 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 28 08 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 doi (DE-627)OLC2145267174 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk ZC 7520 VZ rvk Niari, Maryam Hazrati verfasserin aut Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes 2023 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract Microplastic Wastewater Wastewater treatment process Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah aut Dobaradaran, Sina aut Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi aut Dargahi, Abdollah aut Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution Springer International Publishing, 1971 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. (DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 0049-6979 nnns volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:28 month:08 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO ZC 7520 ZC 7520 AR 234 2023 9 28 08 |
| language |
English |
| source |
Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:28 month:08 |
| sourceStr |
Enthalten in Water, air & soil pollution 234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug. volume:234 year:2023 number:9 day:28 month:08 |
| format_phy_str_mv |
Article |
| institution |
findex.gbv.de |
| topic_facet |
Microplastic Wastewater Wastewater treatment process |
| dewey-raw |
570 |
| isfreeaccess_bool |
false |
| container_title |
Water, air & soil pollution |
| authorswithroles_txt_mv |
Niari, Maryam Hazrati @@aut@@ Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah @@aut@@ Dobaradaran, Sina @@aut@@ Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi @@aut@@ Dargahi, Abdollah @@aut@@ |
| publishDateDaySort_date |
2023-08-28T00:00:00Z |
| hierarchy_top_id |
12929134X |
| dewey-sort |
3570 |
| id |
OLC2145267174 |
| language_de |
englisch |
| fullrecord |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">OLC2145267174</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240118103623.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">tu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240118s2023 xx ||||| 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)OLC2145267174</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">570</subfield><subfield code="a">333.7</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">12</subfield><subfield code="a">13</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">BIODIV</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-30</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Niari, Maryam Hazrati</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Microplastic</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wastewater</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wastewater treatment process</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dobaradaran, Sina</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dargahi, Abdollah</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Water, air & soil pollution</subfield><subfield code="d">Springer International Publishing, 1971</subfield><subfield code="g">234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug.</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)12929134X</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)120499-3</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)014472643</subfield><subfield code="x">0049-6979</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:234</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2023</subfield><subfield code="g">number:9</subfield><subfield code="g">day:28</subfield><subfield code="g">month:08</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="1"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0</subfield><subfield code="z">lizenzpflichtig</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_OLC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">FID-BIODIV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-UMW</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-TEC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-FOR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-IBL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OPC-GGO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="r" ind2="v"><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="r" ind2="v"><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">234</subfield><subfield code="j">2023</subfield><subfield code="e">9</subfield><subfield code="b">28</subfield><subfield code="c">08</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
| author |
Niari, Maryam Hazrati |
| spellingShingle |
Niari, Maryam Hazrati ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV rvk ZC 7520 misc Microplastic misc Wastewater misc Wastewater treatment process Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes |
| authorStr |
Niari, Maryam Hazrati |
| ppnlink_with_tag_str_mv |
@@773@@(DE-627)12929134X |
| format |
Article |
| dewey-ones |
570 - Life sciences; biology 333 - Economics of land & energy |
| delete_txt_mv |
keep |
| author_role |
aut aut aut aut aut |
| collection |
OLC |
| remote_str |
false |
| illustrated |
Not Illustrated |
| issn |
0049-6979 |
| topic_title |
570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes Microplastic Wastewater Wastewater treatment process |
| topic |
ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV rvk ZC 7520 misc Microplastic misc Wastewater misc Wastewater treatment process |
| topic_unstemmed |
ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV rvk ZC 7520 misc Microplastic misc Wastewater misc Wastewater treatment process |
| topic_browse |
ddc 570 ssgn 12 fid BIODIV rvk ZC 7520 misc Microplastic misc Wastewater misc Wastewater treatment process |
| format_facet |
Aufsätze Gedruckte Aufsätze |
| format_main_str_mv |
Text Zeitschrift/Artikel |
| carriertype_str_mv |
nc |
| hierarchy_parent_title |
Water, air & soil pollution |
| hierarchy_parent_id |
12929134X |
| dewey-tens |
570 - Life sciences; biology 330 - Economics |
| hierarchy_top_title |
Water, air & soil pollution |
| isfreeaccess_txt |
false |
| familylinks_str_mv |
(DE-627)12929134X (DE-600)120499-3 (DE-576)014472643 |
| title |
Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes |
| ctrlnum |
(DE-627)OLC2145267174 (DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p |
| title_full |
Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes |
| author_sort |
Niari, Maryam Hazrati |
| journal |
Water, air & soil pollution |
| journalStr |
Water, air & soil pollution |
| lang_code |
eng |
| isOA_bool |
false |
| dewey-hundreds |
500 - Science 300 - Social sciences |
| recordtype |
marc |
| publishDateSort |
2023 |
| contenttype_str_mv |
txt |
| author_browse |
Niari, Maryam Hazrati Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah Dobaradaran, Sina Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi Dargahi, Abdollah |
| container_volume |
234 |
| class |
570 333.7 VZ 12 13 ssgn BIODIV DE-30 fid ZC 7520 VZ rvk |
| format_se |
Aufsätze |
| author-letter |
Niari, Maryam Hazrati |
| doi_str_mv |
10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 |
| dewey-full |
570 333.7 |
| title_sort |
release of microplastics to the environment through wastewater treatment plants: study on four types of wastewater treatment processes |
| title_auth |
Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes |
| abstract |
Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
| collection_details |
GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OPC-GGO |
| container_issue |
9 |
| title_short |
Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 |
| remote_bool |
false |
| author2 |
Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah Dobaradaran, Sina Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi Dargahi, Abdollah |
| author2Str |
Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah Dobaradaran, Sina Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi Dargahi, Abdollah |
| ppnlink |
12929134X |
| mediatype_str_mv |
n |
| isOA_txt |
false |
| hochschulschrift_bool |
false |
| doi_str |
10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0 |
| up_date |
2024-07-04T02:32:58.536Z |
| _version_ |
1803614031486910464 |
| fullrecord_marcxml |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">OLC2145267174</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240118103623.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">tu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240118s2023 xx ||||| 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)OLC2145267174</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-He213)s11270-023-06594-0-p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">570</subfield><subfield code="a">333.7</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">12</subfield><subfield code="a">13</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">BIODIV</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-30</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Niari, Maryam Hazrati</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Release of Microplastics to the Environment Through Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study on Four Types of Wastewater Treatment Processes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Abstract Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the most important ways of releasing microplastics (MPs) into the environment. In this study, the size, number, color, and shape of MPs during the wastewater treatment process were investigated in six WWTPs with different processes, which include WWTPs A and B (activated sludge process, ASP), WWTP C and D (aerated lagoon, AL), WWTP E (sequencing batch reactor process, SBR), and WWTP F (stabilization pond, SP). The MP particles were detected by the polarized light microscopy. In all six WWTPs, the clear color was observed as the dominant color in the effluent. Among the forms of MPs, fibers had the highest removal efficiency in WWTPs A (97.3%), B (99.2%), C (95.5%), and D (94.3%). In both WWTPs E and F, the highest removal rate of MP shapes was related to films (96.1%) and granules (86.1%), respectively. MPs with size 25–125 μm had the highest amount (0.39 to 4.08 MP/L) in the effluent of WWTPs compared to larger sizes. With respect to the type of the wastewater treatment process, the number of MPs during the treatment process decreased from 3.75–25.31 to 0.51–6.28MP/L. Based on the results of this study, ASP with a removal rate of 91.87% had the highest efficiency compared to other processes. However, daily 4.95 × $ 10^{4} $ to 1.49 × $ 10^{8} $ MP enter the environment via the effluent of these WWTPs. The study recommends reducing the use of MPs and plasticizers in widely used products as much as possible and replacing them with nature-friendly materials. Graphical Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Microplastic</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wastewater</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wastewater treatment process</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dobaradaran, Sina</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Niri, Mehdi Vosoughi</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dargahi, Abdollah</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Water, air & soil pollution</subfield><subfield code="d">Springer International Publishing, 1971</subfield><subfield code="g">234(2023), 9 vom: 28. Aug.</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)12929134X</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)120499-3</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)014472643</subfield><subfield code="x">0049-6979</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:234</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2023</subfield><subfield code="g">number:9</subfield><subfield code="g">day:28</subfield><subfield code="g">month:08</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="1"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06594-0</subfield><subfield code="z">lizenzpflichtig</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_OLC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">FID-BIODIV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-UMW</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-TEC</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-FOR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-IBL</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OPC-GGO</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="r" ind2="v"><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="r" ind2="v"><subfield code="a">ZC 7520</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">234</subfield><subfield code="j">2023</subfield><subfield code="e">9</subfield><subfield code="b">28</subfield><subfield code="c">08</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
| score |
7.400485 |