Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort
Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective coho...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain [verfasserIn] Salat, Muhammad Sohail [verfasserIn] Enam, Kishwar [verfasserIn] Kazim, Syed Faraz [verfasserIn] Godil, Saniya Siraj [verfasserIn] Enam, Syed Ather [verfasserIn] Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz [verfasserIn] Azam, Syed Iqbal [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2011 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Child's nervous system - Berlin : Springer, 1985, 28(2011), 2 vom: 05. Aug., Seite 221-227 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:28 ; year:2011 ; number:2 ; day:05 ; month:08 ; pages:221-227 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
SPR004599209 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort |
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| 520 | |a Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Hydrocephalus |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Children |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Etiology |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Management |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Outcome |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Time trends |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a South Asian country |7 (dpeaa)DE-He213 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Salat, Muhammad Sohail |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Enam, Kishwar |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kazim, Syed Faraz |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Godil, Saniya Siraj |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Enam, Syed Ather |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Azam, Syed Iqbal |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 doi (DE-627)SPR004599209 (SPR)s00381-011-1527-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.90 bkl 44.67 bkl Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain verfasserin aut Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Children (dpeaa)DE-He213 Etiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Outcome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Time trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 South Asian country (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salat, Muhammad Sohail verfasserin aut Enam, Kishwar verfasserin aut Kazim, Syed Faraz verfasserin aut Godil, Saniya Siraj verfasserin aut Enam, Syed Ather verfasserin aut Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz verfasserin aut Azam, Syed Iqbal verfasserin aut Enthalten in Child's nervous system Berlin : Springer, 1985 28(2011), 2 vom: 05. Aug., Seite 221-227 (DE-627)254639054 (DE-600)1463024-2 1433-0350 nnns volume:28 year:2011 number:2 day:05 month:08 pages:221-227 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 44.90 ASE 44.67 ASE AR 28 2011 2 05 08 221-227 |
| spelling |
10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 doi (DE-627)SPR004599209 (SPR)s00381-011-1527-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.90 bkl 44.67 bkl Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain verfasserin aut Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Children (dpeaa)DE-He213 Etiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Outcome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Time trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 South Asian country (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salat, Muhammad Sohail verfasserin aut Enam, Kishwar verfasserin aut Kazim, Syed Faraz verfasserin aut Godil, Saniya Siraj verfasserin aut Enam, Syed Ather verfasserin aut Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz verfasserin aut Azam, Syed Iqbal verfasserin aut Enthalten in Child's nervous system Berlin : Springer, 1985 28(2011), 2 vom: 05. Aug., Seite 221-227 (DE-627)254639054 (DE-600)1463024-2 1433-0350 nnns volume:28 year:2011 number:2 day:05 month:08 pages:221-227 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 44.90 ASE 44.67 ASE AR 28 2011 2 05 08 221-227 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 doi (DE-627)SPR004599209 (SPR)s00381-011-1527-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.90 bkl 44.67 bkl Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain verfasserin aut Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Children (dpeaa)DE-He213 Etiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Outcome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Time trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 South Asian country (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salat, Muhammad Sohail verfasserin aut Enam, Kishwar verfasserin aut Kazim, Syed Faraz verfasserin aut Godil, Saniya Siraj verfasserin aut Enam, Syed Ather verfasserin aut Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz verfasserin aut Azam, Syed Iqbal verfasserin aut Enthalten in Child's nervous system Berlin : Springer, 1985 28(2011), 2 vom: 05. Aug., Seite 221-227 (DE-627)254639054 (DE-600)1463024-2 1433-0350 nnns volume:28 year:2011 number:2 day:05 month:08 pages:221-227 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 44.90 ASE 44.67 ASE AR 28 2011 2 05 08 221-227 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 doi (DE-627)SPR004599209 (SPR)s00381-011-1527-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.90 bkl 44.67 bkl Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain verfasserin aut Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Children (dpeaa)DE-He213 Etiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Outcome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Time trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 South Asian country (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salat, Muhammad Sohail verfasserin aut Enam, Kishwar verfasserin aut Kazim, Syed Faraz verfasserin aut Godil, Saniya Siraj verfasserin aut Enam, Syed Ather verfasserin aut Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz verfasserin aut Azam, Syed Iqbal verfasserin aut Enthalten in Child's nervous system Berlin : Springer, 1985 28(2011), 2 vom: 05. Aug., Seite 221-227 (DE-627)254639054 (DE-600)1463024-2 1433-0350 nnns volume:28 year:2011 number:2 day:05 month:08 pages:221-227 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 44.90 ASE 44.67 ASE AR 28 2011 2 05 08 221-227 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 doi (DE-627)SPR004599209 (SPR)s00381-011-1527-5-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.90 bkl 44.67 bkl Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain verfasserin aut Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Children (dpeaa)DE-He213 Etiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Outcome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Time trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 South Asian country (dpeaa)DE-He213 Salat, Muhammad Sohail verfasserin aut Enam, Kishwar verfasserin aut Kazim, Syed Faraz verfasserin aut Godil, Saniya Siraj verfasserin aut Enam, Syed Ather verfasserin aut Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz verfasserin aut Azam, Syed Iqbal verfasserin aut Enthalten in Child's nervous system Berlin : Springer, 1985 28(2011), 2 vom: 05. Aug., Seite 221-227 (DE-627)254639054 (DE-600)1463024-2 1433-0350 nnns volume:28 year:2011 number:2 day:05 month:08 pages:221-227 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2070 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 44.90 ASE 44.67 ASE AR 28 2011 2 05 08 221-227 |
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Enthalten in Child's nervous system 28(2011), 2 vom: 05. Aug., Seite 221-227 volume:28 year:2011 number:2 day:05 month:08 pages:221-227 |
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Enthalten in Child's nervous system 28(2011), 2 vom: 05. Aug., Seite 221-227 volume:28 year:2011 number:2 day:05 month:08 pages:221-227 |
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Hydrocephalus Children Etiology Management Outcome Time trends South Asian country |
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Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain @@aut@@ Salat, Muhammad Sohail @@aut@@ Enam, Kishwar @@aut@@ Kazim, Syed Faraz @@aut@@ Godil, Saniya Siraj @@aut@@ Enam, Syed Ather @@aut@@ Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz @@aut@@ Azam, Syed Iqbal @@aut@@ |
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2011-08-05T00:00:00Z |
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3610 |
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Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain |
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Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain ddc 610 bkl 44.90 bkl 44.67 misc Hydrocephalus misc Children misc Etiology misc Management misc Outcome misc Time trends misc South Asian country Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort |
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610 ASE 44.90 bkl 44.67 bkl Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort Hydrocephalus (dpeaa)DE-He213 Children (dpeaa)DE-He213 Etiology (dpeaa)DE-He213 Management (dpeaa)DE-He213 Outcome (dpeaa)DE-He213 Time trends (dpeaa)DE-He213 South Asian country (dpeaa)DE-He213 |
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ddc 610 bkl 44.90 bkl 44.67 misc Hydrocephalus misc Children misc Etiology misc Management misc Outcome misc Time trends misc South Asian country |
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Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort |
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Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort |
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Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain |
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Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain Salat, Muhammad Sohail Enam, Kishwar Kazim, Syed Faraz Godil, Saniya Siraj Enam, Syed Ather Iqbal, Saleem Perwaiz Azam, Syed Iqbal |
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time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort |
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Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort |
| abstract |
Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. |
| abstractGer |
Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. Factors associated with poor outcome include younger age group and etiology of hydrocephalus. |
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Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort |
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10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5 |
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2024-07-04T01:47:59.266Z |
| _version_ |
1803611201098219520 |
| fullrecord_marcxml |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">SPR004599209</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230519192638.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">201001s2011 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1007/s00381-011-1527-5</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)SPR004599209</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(SPR)s00381-011-1527-5-e</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">610</subfield><subfield code="q">ASE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">44.90</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">44.67</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rashid, Qura-Tul-Ain</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Time trends and age-related etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus: results of a groupwise analysis in a clinical cohort</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Objective The current study aimed at evaluating experience with pediatric hydrocephalus and reviewing time trends and age-related differences in etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric hydrocephalus at a tertiary care center in a south Asian country. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on case note review of pediatric patients (age, 1 month to 15 years) with hydrocephalus managed at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, over an 18-year period (1988–2005). For analysis, the study period was divided into two epochs (period A, 1988–1996; period B, 1997–2005) and study population was divided into two age groups (0–12 months and 1–15 years). Results A total of 338 cases of pediatric hydrocephalus were identified. Most common etiology of pediatric hydrocephalus was meningitis (38.1%), followed by congenital hydrocephalus (20.4%) and brain tumors (8.3%). Shunt infection and blockage were seen in 38 (11.2%) and 54 (16.0%) children, respectively; 67 (19.8%) required shunt revision. Highest rates of shunt failure were seen in bacterial meningitis (35.3%) and aqueductal stenosis (29.2%). Neurological and/or cognitive deficits were observed more frequently in children under 1 year of age (P = 0.029). Duration of hospital stay in period A was significantly higher than in period B (P < 0.001). Mortality occurred in 38 (11.2%); it did not differ between two epochs and age groups (P = 0.059 and P = 0.865, respectively). Highest mortality was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (23.1%) and brain tumors (21.4%). Conclusion Despite recent advancements, hydrocephalus is still associated with high rate of shunt failure and mortality. 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