A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the Edinger–Westphal nuclei
Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distin...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
May, Paul J. [verfasserIn] Warren, Susan [verfasserIn] Bohlen, Martin O. [verfasserIn] Barnerssoi, Miriam [verfasserIn] Horn, Anja K. E. [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2015 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Anatomy and embryology - Berlin : Springer, 1891, 221(2015), 8 vom: 28. Nov., Seite 4073-4089 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:221 ; year:2015 ; number:8 ; day:28 ; month:11 ; pages:4073-4089 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z |
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Katalog-ID: |
SPR00572774X |
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520 | |a Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. | ||
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700 | 1 | |a Horn, Anja K. E. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z doi (DE-627)SPR00572774X (SPR)s00429-015-1147-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.34 bkl May, Paul J. verfasserin aut A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the Edinger–Westphal nuclei 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. Lens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pupil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oculomotor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Parasympathetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Urocortin (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eating disorders (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stress (dpeaa)DE-He213 Warren, Susan verfasserin aut Bohlen, Martin O. verfasserin aut Barnerssoi, Miriam verfasserin aut Horn, Anja K. E. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Anatomy and embryology Berlin : Springer, 1891 221(2015), 8 vom: 28. Nov., Seite 4073-4089 (DE-627)253389798 (DE-600)1458423-2 1432-0568 nnns volume:221 year:2015 number:8 day:28 month:11 pages:4073-4089 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 44.34 ASE AR 221 2015 8 28 11 4073-4089 |
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10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z doi (DE-627)SPR00572774X (SPR)s00429-015-1147-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.34 bkl May, Paul J. verfasserin aut A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the Edinger–Westphal nuclei 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. Lens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pupil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oculomotor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Parasympathetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Urocortin (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eating disorders (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stress (dpeaa)DE-He213 Warren, Susan verfasserin aut Bohlen, Martin O. verfasserin aut Barnerssoi, Miriam verfasserin aut Horn, Anja K. E. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Anatomy and embryology Berlin : Springer, 1891 221(2015), 8 vom: 28. Nov., Seite 4073-4089 (DE-627)253389798 (DE-600)1458423-2 1432-0568 nnns volume:221 year:2015 number:8 day:28 month:11 pages:4073-4089 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 44.34 ASE AR 221 2015 8 28 11 4073-4089 |
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10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z doi (DE-627)SPR00572774X (SPR)s00429-015-1147-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.34 bkl May, Paul J. verfasserin aut A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the Edinger–Westphal nuclei 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. Lens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pupil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oculomotor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Parasympathetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Urocortin (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eating disorders (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stress (dpeaa)DE-He213 Warren, Susan verfasserin aut Bohlen, Martin O. verfasserin aut Barnerssoi, Miriam verfasserin aut Horn, Anja K. E. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Anatomy and embryology Berlin : Springer, 1891 221(2015), 8 vom: 28. Nov., Seite 4073-4089 (DE-627)253389798 (DE-600)1458423-2 1432-0568 nnns volume:221 year:2015 number:8 day:28 month:11 pages:4073-4089 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 44.34 ASE AR 221 2015 8 28 11 4073-4089 |
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10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z doi (DE-627)SPR00572774X (SPR)s00429-015-1147-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.34 bkl May, Paul J. verfasserin aut A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the Edinger–Westphal nuclei 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. Lens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pupil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oculomotor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Parasympathetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Urocortin (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eating disorders (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stress (dpeaa)DE-He213 Warren, Susan verfasserin aut Bohlen, Martin O. verfasserin aut Barnerssoi, Miriam verfasserin aut Horn, Anja K. E. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Anatomy and embryology Berlin : Springer, 1891 221(2015), 8 vom: 28. Nov., Seite 4073-4089 (DE-627)253389798 (DE-600)1458423-2 1432-0568 nnns volume:221 year:2015 number:8 day:28 month:11 pages:4073-4089 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 44.34 ASE AR 221 2015 8 28 11 4073-4089 |
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10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z doi (DE-627)SPR00572774X (SPR)s00429-015-1147-z-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 ASE 44.34 bkl May, Paul J. verfasserin aut A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the Edinger–Westphal nuclei 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. Lens (dpeaa)DE-He213 Pupil (dpeaa)DE-He213 Oculomotor (dpeaa)DE-He213 Parasympathetic (dpeaa)DE-He213 Urocortin (dpeaa)DE-He213 Eating disorders (dpeaa)DE-He213 Stress (dpeaa)DE-He213 Warren, Susan verfasserin aut Bohlen, Martin O. verfasserin aut Barnerssoi, Miriam verfasserin aut Horn, Anja K. E. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Anatomy and embryology Berlin : Springer, 1891 221(2015), 8 vom: 28. Nov., Seite 4073-4089 (DE-627)253389798 (DE-600)1458423-2 1432-0568 nnns volume:221 year:2015 number:8 day:28 month:11 pages:4073-4089 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1147-z lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_711 44.34 ASE AR 221 2015 8 28 11 4073-4089 |
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May, Paul J. |
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A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the Edinger–Westphal nuclei |
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Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. |
abstractGer |
Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract The central mesencephalic reticular formation, a region associated with horizontal gaze control, has recently been shown to project to the supraoculomotor area in primates. The Edinger–Westphal nucleus is found within the supraoculomotor area. It has two functionally and anatomically distinct divisions: (1) the preganglionic division, which contains motoneurons that control both the actions of the ciliary muscle, which focuses the lens, and the sphincter pupillae muscle, which constricts the iris, and (2) the centrally projecting division, which contains peptidergic neurons that play a role in food and fluid intake, and in stress responses. In this study, we used neuroanatomical tracers in conjunction with immunohistochemistry in Macaca fascicularis monkeys to examine whether either of these Edinger–Westphal divisions receives synaptic input from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. Anterogradely labeled reticular axons were observed making numerous boutonal associations with the cholinergic, preganglionic motoneurons of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus. These associations were confirmed to be synaptic contacts through the use of confocal and electron microscopic analysis. The latter indicated that these terminals generally contained pleomorphic vesicles and displayed symmetric, synaptic densities. Examination of urocortin-1-positive cells in the same cases revealed fewer examples of unambiguous synaptic relationships, suggesting the centrally projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus is not the primary target of the projection from the central mesencephalic reticular formation. We conclude from these data that the central mesencephalic reticular formation must play a here-to-for unexpected role in control of the near triad (vergence, lens accommodation and pupillary constriction), which is used to examine objects in near space. |
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A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to the Edinger–Westphal nuclei |
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