Studies on toxic action

Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid,...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Stiles, Walter [verfasserIn] Rees, William J. [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	1935

Schlagwörter:	Formic Acid Propionic Acid Butyric Acid Toxic Action Caproic Acid

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Protoplasma - Wien : Springer, 1926, 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:22 ; year:1935 ; number:1 ; day:01 ; month:12 ; pages:518-538

Links:	Volltext

DOI / URN:	10.1007/BF01608920

Katalog-ID:	SPR007529686

Internformat


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040			\|a DE-627 \|b ger \|c DE-627 \|e rakwb
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082	0	4	\|a 570 \|q ASE
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100	1		\|a Stiles, Walter \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Studies on toxic action
264		1	\|c 1935
336			\|a Text \|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|a Computermedien \|b c \|2 rdamedia
338			\|a Online-Ressource \|b cr \|2 rdacarrier
520			\|a Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion.
650		4	\|a Formic Acid \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
650		4	\|a Propionic Acid \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
650		4	\|a Butyric Acid \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
650		4	\|a Toxic Action \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
650		4	\|a Caproic Acid \|7 (dpeaa)DE-He213
700	1		\|a Rees, William J. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Protoplasma \|d Wien : Springer, 1926 \|g 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538 \|w (DE-627)254639135 \|w (DE-600)1463033-3 \|x 1615-6102 \|7 nnns
773	1	8	\|g volume:22 \|g year:1935 \|g number:1 \|g day:01 \|g month:12 \|g pages:518-538
856	4	0	\|u https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608920 \|z lizenzpflichtig \|3 Volltext
912			\|a GBV_USEFLAG_A
912			\|a SYSFLAG_A
912			\|a GBV_SPRINGER
912			\|a SSG-OLC-PHA
912			\|a GBV_ILN_11
912			\|a GBV_ILN_20
912			\|a GBV_ILN_22
912			\|a GBV_ILN_23
912			\|a GBV_ILN_24
912			\|a GBV_ILN_31
912			\|a GBV_ILN_32
912			\|a GBV_ILN_39
912			\|a GBV_ILN_40
912			\|a GBV_ILN_60
912			\|a GBV_ILN_62
912			\|a GBV_ILN_63
912			\|a GBV_ILN_69
912			\|a GBV_ILN_70
912			\|a GBV_ILN_73
912			\|a GBV_ILN_74
912			\|a GBV_ILN_90
912			\|a GBV_ILN_95
912			\|a GBV_ILN_100
912			\|a GBV_ILN_101
912			\|a GBV_ILN_105
912			\|a GBV_ILN_110
912			\|a GBV_ILN_120
912			\|a GBV_ILN_121
912			\|a GBV_ILN_138
912			\|a GBV_ILN_150
912			\|a GBV_ILN_151
912			\|a GBV_ILN_152
912			\|a GBV_ILN_161
912			\|a GBV_ILN_170
912			\|a GBV_ILN_171
912			\|a GBV_ILN_187
912			\|a GBV_ILN_206
912			\|a GBV_ILN_224
912			\|a GBV_ILN_285
912			\|a GBV_ILN_293
912			\|a GBV_ILN_370
912			\|a GBV_ILN_374
912			\|a GBV_ILN_602
912			\|a GBV_ILN_647
912			\|a GBV_ILN_702
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2001
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2003
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2004
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2005
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2006
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2007
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2008
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2009
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2010
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2011
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2014
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2015
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2018
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2020
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2021
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2025
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2026
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2027
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2031
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2034
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2037
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2038
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2039
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2043
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2044
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2048
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2050
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2055
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2056
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2057
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2059
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2061
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2064
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2065
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2068
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2088
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2093
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2106
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2107
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2108
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2110
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2111
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2112
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2113
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2116
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2118
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2119
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2122
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2129
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2143
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2144
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2147
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2148
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2152
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2153
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2158
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2188
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2190
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2193
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2232
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2336
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2446
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2470
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2472
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2507
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2522
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2548
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2808
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4012
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4035
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4037
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4046
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4112
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4125
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4126
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4242
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4246
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4249
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4251
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4277
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4305
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4306
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4307
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4313
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4322
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4323
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4324
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4325
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4326
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4328
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4333
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4334
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4335
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4336
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4338
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4346
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4367
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4393
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4700
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4753
936	b	k	\|a 42.00 \|q ASE
951			\|a AR
952			\|d 22 \|j 1935 \|e 1 \|b 01 \|c 12 \|h 518-538

Indexfelder

author_variant	w s ws w j r wj wjr
matchkey_str	article:16156102:1935----::tdeotxc
hierarchy_sort_str	1935
bklnumber	42.00
publishDate	1935
allfields	10.1007/BF01608920 doi (DE-627)SPR007529686 (SPR)BF01608920-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 ASE 42.00 bkl Stiles, Walter verfasserin aut Studies on toxic action 1935 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion. Formic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Propionic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Butyric Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Toxic Action (dpeaa)DE-He213 Caproic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rees, William J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Protoplasma Wien : Springer, 1926 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538 (DE-627)254639135 (DE-600)1463033-3 1615-6102 nnns volume:22 year:1935 number:1 day:01 month:12 pages:518-538 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608920 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2808 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 42.00 ASE AR 22 1935 1 01 12 518-538
spelling	10.1007/BF01608920 doi (DE-627)SPR007529686 (SPR)BF01608920-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 ASE 42.00 bkl Stiles, Walter verfasserin aut Studies on toxic action 1935 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion. Formic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Propionic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Butyric Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Toxic Action (dpeaa)DE-He213 Caproic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rees, William J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Protoplasma Wien : Springer, 1926 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538 (DE-627)254639135 (DE-600)1463033-3 1615-6102 nnns volume:22 year:1935 number:1 day:01 month:12 pages:518-538 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608920 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2808 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 42.00 ASE AR 22 1935 1 01 12 518-538
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/BF01608920 doi (DE-627)SPR007529686 (SPR)BF01608920-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 ASE 42.00 bkl Stiles, Walter verfasserin aut Studies on toxic action 1935 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion. Formic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Propionic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Butyric Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Toxic Action (dpeaa)DE-He213 Caproic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rees, William J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Protoplasma Wien : Springer, 1926 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538 (DE-627)254639135 (DE-600)1463033-3 1615-6102 nnns volume:22 year:1935 number:1 day:01 month:12 pages:518-538 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608920 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2808 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 42.00 ASE AR 22 1935 1 01 12 518-538
allfieldsGer	10.1007/BF01608920 doi (DE-627)SPR007529686 (SPR)BF01608920-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 ASE 42.00 bkl Stiles, Walter verfasserin aut Studies on toxic action 1935 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion. Formic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Propionic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Butyric Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Toxic Action (dpeaa)DE-He213 Caproic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rees, William J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Protoplasma Wien : Springer, 1926 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538 (DE-627)254639135 (DE-600)1463033-3 1615-6102 nnns volume:22 year:1935 number:1 day:01 month:12 pages:518-538 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608920 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2808 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 42.00 ASE AR 22 1935 1 01 12 518-538
allfieldsSound	10.1007/BF01608920 doi (DE-627)SPR007529686 (SPR)BF01608920-e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 ASE 42.00 bkl Stiles, Walter verfasserin aut Studies on toxic action 1935 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion. Formic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Propionic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Butyric Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Toxic Action (dpeaa)DE-He213 Caproic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Rees, William J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Protoplasma Wien : Springer, 1926 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538 (DE-627)254639135 (DE-600)1463033-3 1615-6102 nnns volume:22 year:1935 number:1 day:01 month:12 pages:518-538 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608920 lizenzpflichtig Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_SPRINGER SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_121 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2039 GBV_ILN_2043 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2093 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2107 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2158 GBV_ILN_2188 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2193 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2446 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2472 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_2548 GBV_ILN_2808 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4246 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4328 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4346 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 GBV_ILN_4753 42.00 ASE AR 22 1935 1 01 12 518-538
language	English
source	Enthalten in Protoplasma 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538 volume:22 year:1935 number:1 day:01 month:12 pages:518-538
sourceStr	Enthalten in Protoplasma 22(1935), 1 vom: 01. Dez., Seite 518-538 volume:22 year:1935 number:1 day:01 month:12 pages:518-538
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Formic Acid Propionic Acid Butyric Acid Toxic Action Caproic Acid
dewey-raw	570
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Protoplasma
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Stiles, Walter @@aut@@ Rees, William J. @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	1935-12-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	254639135
dewey-sort	3570
id	SPR007529686
language_de	englisch
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On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Formic Acid</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Propionic Acid</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Butyric Acid</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Toxic Action</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Caproic Acid</subfield><subfield code="7">(dpeaa)DE-He213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Rees, William J.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">Protoplasma</subfield><subfield code="d">Wien : Springer, 1926</subfield><subfield code="g">22(1935), 1 vom: 01. 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author	Stiles, Walter
spellingShingle	Stiles, Walter ddc 570 bkl 42.00 misc Formic Acid misc Propionic Acid misc Butyric Acid misc Toxic Action misc Caproic Acid Studies on toxic action
authorStr	Stiles, Walter
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illustrated	Not Illustrated
issn	1615-6102
topic_title	570 ASE 42.00 bkl Studies on toxic action Formic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Propionic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Butyric Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213 Toxic Action (dpeaa)DE-He213 Caproic Acid (dpeaa)DE-He213
topic	ddc 570 bkl 42.00 misc Formic Acid misc Propionic Acid misc Butyric Acid misc Toxic Action misc Caproic Acid
topic_unstemmed	ddc 570 bkl 42.00 misc Formic Acid misc Propionic Acid misc Butyric Acid misc Toxic Action misc Caproic Acid
topic_browse	ddc 570 bkl 42.00 misc Formic Acid misc Propionic Acid misc Butyric Acid misc Toxic Action misc Caproic Acid
format_facet	Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource
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hierarchy_parent_title	Protoplasma
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title	Studies on toxic action
ctrlnum	(DE-627)SPR007529686 (SPR)BF01608920-e
title_full	Studies on toxic action
author_sort	Stiles, Walter
journal	Protoplasma
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container_start_page	518
author_browse	Stiles, Walter Rees, William J.
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class	570 ASE 42.00 bkl
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Stiles, Walter
doi_str_mv	10.1007/BF01608920
dewey-full	570
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	studies on toxic action
title_auth	Studies on toxic action
abstract	Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion.
abstractGer	Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion.
abstract_unstemmed	Summary The toxicity of the normal monohydric fatty acids does not increase regularly as the series is ascended as is the case with the alcohols, aldehydes (excluding formaldehyde), ketones and esters. On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. The toxicity of the formic acid molecule is probably from about 0.003 to 0.01 times that of the hydrogen ion while that of the pelargonic acid molecule is about 0.65 times that of the hydrogen ion.
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container_issue	1
title_short	Studies on toxic action
url	https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608920
remote_bool	true
author2	Rees, William J.
author2Str	Rees, William J.
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doi_str	10.1007/BF01608920
up_date	2024-07-03T13:31:45.494Z
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On the contrary, as the series is ascended, the toxicity falls from formic acid to propionic acid, which is only one-fifth as toxic as formic acid and is the least toxic of the normal acids. On further ascending the series the toxicity increases, and pelargonic acid is actually four times as toxic as formic acid and sixteen times as toxic as butyric acid.The relationship between toxicity and position in the series of normal fatty acids is explained by the fact that the acids are partly dissociated so that free hydrogen ions are present in the solutions. The toxicity of each acid can be regarded as partly due to hydrogen ions and partly due to the undissociated acid (including the anion). As the series is ascended the acids are less dissociated so that the hydrogen ion plays less part in the toxic action while the undissociated molecules become more toxic, and play a greater part in determining the toxicity. Thus, with the range of concentrations used in these experiments, not less than 95 per cent, of the toxicity of formic acid may be attributable to the hydrogen ion, while in pelargonic acid only about 14 per cent, of the toxicity is due to hydrogen ion.The relative toxicities of the hydrogen ion and of the various acid molecules have been estimated. 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